sendmail mysql_Linux简单配置SendMail发送邮件

本文简单整理了一下如何在Linux服务器上安装、配置SendMail发送邮件的步骤，此文不是配置邮件服务器，具体测试环境为CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) ，如遇特殊平台有所差别，请以实际情况为准则。

Linux 系统版本查看

检查、了解系统版本信息，主要是如果使用rpm安装时，需要下载合适的版本。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# more /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

检查是否安装sendmail组件

如下所示，该服务器上并没有安装sendmail的相关组件。那么我们直接使用yum安装sendmail组件即可。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# rpm -qa | grep sendmail[root@mylnx06 ~]# yum list sendmailLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hkAvailable Packagessendmail.x86_64                                       8.14.7-4.el7                    base

使用yum安装sendmail组件，当然你可以使用其它方式安装，此处不做展开介绍。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# yum install sendmail.x86_64Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hkResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.7-4.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved========================================================================================================================Package                     Arch                      Version                            Repository               Size========================================================================================================================Installing:sendmail                    x86_64                    8.14.7-4.el7                       base                    722 kTransaction Summary========================================================================================================================Install  1 PackageTotal download size: 722 kInstalled size: 1.6 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: yDownloading packages:sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                 | 722 kB  00:00:00Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transactionInstalling : sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64                                                                         1/1Verifying  : sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64                                                                         1/1Installed:sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.7-4.el7Complete![root@mylnx06 ~]#

编辑/etc/aliases文件

Sendmail有一个非常实用的功能,就是为每个账号取别名(Aliase) 会使用一个在 /etc/aliases 中的档案做使用者名称转换的动作。 所以这个配置文件是可配也可以不配，具体视你的需求而定。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# vi /etc/aliases##  Aliases in this file will NOT be expanded in the header from#  Mail, but WILL be visible over networks or from /bin/mail.##       >>>>>>>>>>      The program "newaliases" must be run after#       >> NOTE >>      this file is updated for any changes to#       >>>>>>>>>>      show through to sendmail.## Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present.mailer-daemon:  postmasterpostmaster:     root# General redirections for pseudo accounts.bin:            rootdaemon:         rootadm:            rootlp:             rootsync:           rootshutdown:       roothalt:           rootmail:           rootnews:           rootuucp:           rootoperator:       rootgames:          rootgopher:         rootftp:            rootnobody:         rootradiusd:        rootnut:            rootdbus:           rootvcsa:           rootcanna:          rootwnn:            rootrpm:            rootnscd:           rootpcap:           rootapache:         rootwebalizer:      rootdovecot:        rootfax:            rootquagga:         rootradvd:          rootpvm:            rootamandabackup:           rootprivoxy:        rootident:          rootnamed:          rootxfs:            rootgdm:            rootmailnull:       rootpostgres:       rootsshd:           rootsmmsp:          rootpostfix:        rootnetdump:        rootldap:           rootsquid:          rootntp:            rootmysql:          rootdesktop:        rootrpcuser:        rootrpc:            rootnfsnobody:      rootingres:         rootsystem:         roottoor:           rootmanager:        rootdumper:         rootabuse:          rootnewsadm:        newsnewsadmin:      newsusenet:         newsftpadm:         ftpftpadmin:       ftpftp-adm:        ftpftp-admin:      ftpwww:            webmasterwebmaster:      rootnoc:            rootsecurity:       roothostmaster:     rootinfo:           postmastermarketing:      postmastersales:          postmastersupport:        postmaster# trap decode to catch security attacksdecode:         root# Person who should get root's mail#root:          marc

如下截图所示，如果我配置别名为root的，配置接收邮件(下面邮件仅仅是一个模板而已)

修改配置文件sendmail.cf

修改/etc/mail/sendmail.cf 添加对应的DS, DS后面为邮件服务器的IP地址。根据实际具体情况配置。其实这个配置文件，如果需要，还有蛮多需要配置、细化的地方，此处只讲述最简单的配置。

# host/domain names ending with a token in class P are canonicalCP.# "Smart" relay host (may be null)DS[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]# operators that cannot be in local usernames (i.e., network indicators)CO @ % !# a class with just dot (for identifying canonical names)

重启sendmail服务

[root@mylnx06 ~]# service sendmail statusRedirecting to /bin/systemctl status  sendmail.service● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport AgentLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead)Feb 22 10:29:45 azlnx06 systemd[1]: Stopped Sendmail Mail Transport Agent.[root@mylnx06 ~]# service sendmail startRedirecting to /bin/systemctl start  sendmail.service[root@mylnx06 ~]# service sendmail statusRedirecting to /bin/systemctl status  sendmail.service● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport AgentLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-02-22 10:42:02 HKT; 5s agoProcess: 46129 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd $SENDMAIL_OPTS $SENDMAIL_OPTARG (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 46116 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make aliases (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 46115 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 46131 (sendmail)CGroup: /system.slice/sendmail.service└─46131 sendmail: accepting connectionsFeb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 systemd[1]: Starting Sendmail Mail Transport Agent...Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 sendmail[46124]: alias database /etc/aliases rebuilt by rootFeb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 sendmail[46124]: /etc/aliases: 77 aliases, longest 17 bytes, 792 bytes totalFeb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 sendmail[46131]: starting daemon (8.14.7): SMTP+queueing@01:00:00Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 systemd[1]: PID file /run/sendmail.pid not readable (yet?) after start.Feb 22 10:42:02 azlnx06 systemd[1]: Started Sendmail Mail Transport Agent

测试邮件服务

如下所示，使用mail命令测试能否成功收到邮件。如果成功，表示前面配置OK， 如果没有收到邮件，则必须检查日志，然后根据具体错误信息诊断问题。

[root@mylnx06 ~]# cat > test.txtit is only test^Z[1]+  Stopped                 cat > test.txt[root@mylnx06 ~]# mail -s "test" konglb@xxxx.com < test.txt[root@mylnx06 ~]#[azrlnx06azlnx06 ~]$ echo 'it is only a test' | mail -s "test eamil"  konglb@xxxx.com[azrlnx06@azlnx06 ~]$