python tkinter图片为什么要设置全局变量,Python 2.7.2全局变量+ tkinter

I'm having some problems with the global variables:

#Dev by Mkee

import Tkinter as tk

import sys, random

globvar = 0

class Shuffle(object):

def __init__(self,master=None):

self.master=master

self.text=tk.Label(master, text="Type in something:")

self.box=tk.Entry(master)

self.buttn = tk.Button(master, text="Done", width=10, command=self.calc())

self.result = tk.Label(self.master, text=globvar)

def hide(self):

self.text.pack_forget()

self.box.pack_forget()

self.buttn.pack_forget()

self.result.pack_forget()

def show(self):

self.text.pack(padx=2, pady=2)

self.box.focus_set()

self.box.pack(side=tk.TOP, padx=3, pady=3)

self.buttn.pack(side=tk.TOP, padx=3, pady=3)

self.result.pack(side=tk.TOP, padx=3, pady=3)

def calc(self):

word = self.box.get()

while len(word) != 0:

i = random.randrange(0, len(word))

global globvar

globvar = word[i]

word = word[0:i] + word[i+1:]

class MainApp(object):

def __init__(self,master=None):

self.master=master

app=self.app=tk.Tk()

app.title("Mkee's Tools")

app.geometry('500x500')

menubar=tk.Menu(app)

self.shuffle=Shuffle(master)

self.current=self.shuffle

program_menu=tk.Menu(menubar)

program_menu.add_command(label='Shuffle',command=self.show_shuffle)

menubar.add_cascade(label='Programs', menu=program_menu)

app.config(menu=menubar)

def show_shuffle(self):

self.current.hide()

self.current=self.shuffle

self.shuffle.show()

def show_buttons(self):

self.current.hide()

self.current=self.buttons

self.buttons.show()

def main():

m=MainApp()

m.app.mainloop()

if __name__=='__main__':

main()

I get the problem when I click the buttonself.buttn = tk.Button(master, text="Done", width=10, command=self.calc()). I want to make the self.result = tk.Label(self.master, text=globvar) show the globvar taken from calc, but instead it shows the globvar that is set before the classglobvar = 0.

What am I doing wrong?

解决方案To make the Label update, set textvariable=self.globvar, where

self.globvar = tk.StringVar(). The Label text is updated by calling self.globvar.set.

Change command=self.calc() to command=self.calc (without

parentheses). With parentheses, self.calc() is called at the time

self.buttn is defined. And command gets set to the return value of

self.calc(), which is None. Nothing happens when the button is

pressed because command equals None. Without parentheses,

command is set to the function object self.calc, and the

function is called (correctly) whenever the button is pressed.

Try to avoid using global variables. It will help Shuffle to be self-contained, more easily reusable and importable.

import Tkinter as tk

import sys, random

class Shuffle(object):

def __init__(self,master=None):

self.master=master

self.text=tk.Label(master, text="Type in something:")

self.box=tk.Entry(master)

self.buttn = tk.Button(master, text="Done", width=10, command=self.calc)

self.globvar = tk.StringVar()

self.globvar.set(0)

self.result = tk.Label(self.master, textvariable=self.globvar)

def hide(self):

self.text.pack_forget()

self.box.pack_forget()

self.buttn.pack_forget()

self.result.pack_forget()

def show(self):

self.text.pack(padx=2, pady=2)

self.box.focus_set()

self.box.pack(side=tk.TOP, padx=3, pady=3)

self.buttn.pack(side=tk.TOP, padx=3, pady=3)

self.result.pack(side=tk.TOP, padx=3, pady=3)

def calc(self):

word = self.box.get()

while len(word) != 0:

i = random.randrange(0, len(word))

self.globvar.set(word[i])

word = word[0:i] + word[i+1:]

class MainApp(object):

def __init__(self,master=None):

self.master=master

app=self.app=tk.Tk()

app.title("Mkee's Tools")

app.geometry('500x500')

menubar=tk.Menu(app)

self.shuffle=Shuffle(master)

self.current=self.shuffle

program_menu=tk.Menu(menubar)

program_menu.add_command(label='Shuffle',command=self.show_shuffle)

menubar.add_cascade(label='Programs', menu=program_menu)

app.config(menu=menubar)

def show_shuffle(self):

self.current.hide()

self.current=self.shuffle

self.shuffle.show()

def show_buttons(self):

self.current.hide()

self.current=self.buttons

self.buttons.show()

def main():

m=MainApp()

m.app.mainloop()

if __name__=='__main__':

main()