以下安装的是g++-8(目前最新)和Visual Studio Code,此方法适用于Ubuntu 14.04 64位、Ubuntu 16.04 32位/64位、Ubuntu 18.04,Ubuntu 14.04 32位及以下系统无效。打开终端并且输入以下命令即可。
安装g++-8
- 安装software-properties-common:
sudo apt-get -y install software-properties-common
2. 添加PPA到库并更新(会提示按回车继续执行,此时按回车即可):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
3. 更新软件信息:
sudo apt-get update
4. 安装g++:
sudo apt-get -y install g++-8
5. 将g++指向g++-8:
sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/g++-8 /usr/bin/g++
6. 显示g++版本号,如果正常显示版本号意味着安装成功:
g++ --version
安装Visual Studio Code
- 安装libgconf库:
sudo apt-get install -y libgconf-2-4
2. 安装git:
sudo apt-get -y install git
3. 添加PPA到库并更新(会提示按回车继续执行,此时按回车即可):
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-desktop/ubuntu-make
4. 更新软件信息:
sudo apt-get update
5. 安装ubuntu-make:
sudo apt-get -y install ubuntu-make
6. 通过ubuntu-make安装Visual Studio Code;过程中会询问安装路径,此时不需要修改直接按回车即可;然后会询问是否接受协议,此时输入a
然后回车即可:
sudo umake ide visual-studio-code
7. 创建软链接到程序目录下:
sudo ln -sf `env | grep ^HOME= | cut -c 6-`/.local/share/umake/ide/visual-studio-code/bin/code /usr/bin/code
8. 创建项目目录:
mkdir ~/Projects
9. 显示Visual Studio Code版本号,如果正常显示版本号意味着安装成功:
code --version
10. 运行VS Code:
code
11. 安装中文语言包:
-
- 按下键盘
Ctrl+Shift+X
- 在输入框里输入
Chinese
- 按下中文(简体)后面的
install
- 安装完后按下
Ctrl+Shift+P
打开命令面板 - 输入
config
后选择配置语言命令 - 选择Configure Display Language
- 将
"locale":"en"
改成"locale": "zh-cn"
- 关闭VS Code
- 按下键盘
创建第一个C++项目(以下步骤除非有特殊说明,否则每次创建项目都要执行一次):
- 创建项目目录
cppdemo
,用于学习创建第一个C++项目,并进入cppdemo
目录中:
mkdir ~/Projects/cppdemo && cd ~/Projects/cppdemo
2. 创建配置目录:
mkdir ./.vscode
3. 添加编译配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):
cat > .vscode/tasks.json << EOF
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "build",
"type": "shell",
"command": "g++",
"args": [
"-std=c++17",
"-Wall",
"-Wextra",
"-g",
"-ggdb",
"mycpp.cpp",
"-o",
"demoapp.out"
],
"group": "build",
"presentation": {
"reveal": "always",
},
"problemMatcher": "$gcc"
}
]
}
EOF
4. 添加运行配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):
cat > .vscode/launch.json << EOF
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(gdb) Launch",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/demoapp.out",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": true,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "build"
}
]
}
EOF
5. 添加智能提示配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):
if [ `getconf LONG_BIT` -eq "64" ]; then
cat > .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json << EOF
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"/usr/include/c++/8",
"/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/8",
"/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include",
"/usr/local/include",
"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
"/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/usr/include",
"${workspaceRoot}"
],
"defines": [],
"intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
"browse": {
"path": [
"/usr/include/c++/8",
"/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/8",
"/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include",
"/usr/local/include",
"/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
"/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu",
"/usr/include",
"${workspaceRoot}"
],
"limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
"databaseFilename": ""
}
}
],
"version": 3
}
EOF
else
cat > .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json << EOF
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"/usr/include/c++/8",
"/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/c++/8",
"/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include",
"/usr/local/include",
"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
"/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu",
"/usr/include",
"${workspaceRoot}"
],
"defines": [],
"intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
"browse": {
"path": [
"/usr/include/c++/8",
"/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/c++/8",
"/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include",
"/usr/local/include",
"/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
"/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu",
"/usr/include",
"${workspaceRoot}"
],
"limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
"databaseFilename": ""
}
}
],
"version": 3
}
EOF
fi
6. 创建C++源文件mycpp.cpp
(代码就是写在这个文件):
touch mycpp.cpp
7. 用Visual Studio Code打开当前工作环境(不要忽略最后的点哟):
code .
8. 双击mycpp.cpp
打开文件,第一次会提示安装C++插件,点击安装
,然后等待右下角消息安装完成(只需执行一次,以后都不需要再执行)。
9. 双击打开mycpp.cpp
,然后输入以下代码:
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
std::cout << "小古银的C++教程" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
10. 按下Ctrl+Shift+B
,然后选择build
,就会开始编译。
11. 编译完后,在终端窗口按回车键关闭终端。
12. 点击菜单栏中的终端
,然后点击新建终端
,就会打开终端
窗口。
13. 然后在终端输入以下内容,就会运行程序:
./demoapp.out
14. 运行程序将会显示小古银的C++教程
。
此时,第一个项目,也就是第一个程序就完成了。