python面试题及答案 16道_【Python数组面试题】面试问题：20道习题：练… - 看准网...

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文章标签： python面试题及答案 16道

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1、创建一个长度为10的一维全为0的ndarray对象，然后让第5个元素等于1In [6]:import numpy as npnp.__version__Out[6]:'1.13.1'In [7]:nd= np.array([0,0,0,0.0,0,0,0,0,0])ndOut[7]:array([ 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])In [8]:nd[4] = 5ndOut[8]:array([ 0., 0., 0., 0., 5., 0., 0., 0., 0.])

2、创建一个元素为从10到49的ndarray对象In [9]:nd2=np.arange(10,49,5)nd2Out[9]:array([10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45])

3、将第2题的所有元素位置反转In [10]:nd3=nd2[::-1]nd3Out[10]:array([45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10])

4、使用np.random.random创建一个10*10的ndarray对象，并打印出最大最小元素In [11]:nd4=np.random.random((10,10)) # 生成0-1之间的浮点数nd4Out[11]:array([[ 0.15764428, 0.71596328, 0.81808397, 0.81675306, 0.70382255,

0.78524804, 0.21928811, 0.43166498, 0.49184857, 0.07405726],

[ 0.43535449, 0.69695436, 0.25976013, 0.65293315, 0.12796236,

0.89170976, 0.89538566, 0.7661741 , 0.06041598, 0.75495737],

[ 0.39672305, 0.48224634, 0.29196171, 0.01158065, 0.27270422,

0.9055367 , 0.77696274, 0.55111361, 0.36990923, 0.44839469],

[ 0.49302039, 0.43910028, 0.69551093, 0.38485437, 0.59290733,

0.60957991, 0.60690416, 0.7290093 , 0.153923 , 0.68158969],

[ 0.18287042, 0.998713 , 0.21240307, 0.76586074, 0.99363589,

0.62133375, 0.47339622, 0.94654607, 0.1572087 , 0.95343159],

[ 0.57546028, 0.96684773, 0.91605759, 0.76285641, 0.39246144,

0.5048398 , 0.20537326, 0.03821489, 0.93846779, 0.67465357],

[ 0.50036711, 0.01044893, 0.34497477, 0.86604052, 0.01158555,

0.61679012, 0.18245735, 0.93472696, 0.95285364, 0.25008413],

[ 0.02460187, 0.71865045, 0.88454367, 0.89606069, 0.007162 ,

0.48205852, 0.8488491 , 0.30527469, 0.09745148, 0.41324897],

[ 0.85682063, 0.12847062, 0.20754213, 0.72276057, 0.55677094,

0.4177689 , 0.21974381, 0.27618731, 0.86658251, 0.13244381],

[ 0.08830751, 0.86493876, 0.97546856, 0.90726232, 0.96354161,

0.79810109, 0.41307841, 0.65814493, 0.93662478, 0.81531833]])In [12]:Zmin, Zmax = nd4.min(), nd4.max()Zmin, ZmaxOut[12]:(0.007161996597249809, 0.99871299576647787)

5、创建一个10*10的ndarray对象，且矩阵边界全为1，里面全为0In [13]:nd5 = np.ones((10,10))nd5[1:-1,1:-1] = 0nd5Out[13]:array([[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],

[ 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1.],

[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])

6、创建一个每一行都是从0到4的5*5矩阵In [14]:nd6=np.arange(0,25,1)nd6.resize((5,5))nd61=np.arange(0,5,1)nd6[0:5]=nd61nd6Out[14]:array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]])

7、创建一个范围在(0,1)之间的长度为12的等差数列In [15]:nd7=np.linspace(0,1,12)nd7Out[15]:array([ 0. , 0.09090909, 0.18181818, 0.27272727, 0.36363636,

0.45454545, 0.54545455, 0.63636364, 0.72727273, 0.81818182,

0.90909091, 1. ])

8、创建一个长度为10的随机数组并排序In [16]:nd8=np.random.random(10)nd8.sort()nd8Out[16]:array([ 0.13239674, 0.24199985, 0.28860574, 0.31665663, 0.33797971,

0.49389128, 0.54173172, 0.66709575, 0.87428616, 0.93431918])

9、创建一个长度为10的随机数组并将最大值替换为0In [17]:nd9=np.random.random(10)nd9[nd9.argmax()]=0nd9Out[17]:array([ 0.37927771, 0.74980137, 0.45306485, 0. , 0.38631354,

0.03016797, 0.68861177, 0.78478335, 0.12929193, 0.38233788])

10、如何根据第3列来对一个5*5矩阵排序？In [18]:nd10=np.random.randint(0,20,size=(5,5))nd10Out[18]:array([[ 4, 17, 7, 16, 7],

[ 4, 11, 14, 19, 1],

[10, 6, 1, 17, 0],

[ 0, 10, 17, 13, 15],

[ 1, 11, 3, 6, 16]])In [19]:sort_ind = np.argsort(nd10[:,3]) # 排序并且返回排序以后的下标序列sort_indOut[19]:array([4, 3, 0, 2, 1], dtype=int64)In [20]:nd10[sort_ind]Out[20]:array([[ 1, 11, 3, 6, 16],

[ 0, 10, 17, 13, 15],

[ 4, 17, 7, 16, 7],

[10, 6, 1, 17, 0],

[ 4, 11, 14, 19, 1]])

11、给定一个4维矩阵，如何得到最后两维的和？In [21]:nd11=np.random.randint(0,10,size=(2,3,2,2))nd11Out[21]:array([[[[3, 3],

[1, 5]],

[[9, 9],

[4, 3]],

[[6, 4],

[9, 0]]],

[[[1, 8],

[8, 7]],

[[9, 0],

[8, 2]],

[[0, 1],

[0, 1]]]])In [22]:nd11.sum(axis=-1)nd11.sum(axis=-2)nd11.sum(axis=(-1,-2))Out[22]:array([[12, 25, 19],

[24, 19, 2]])

12、给定数组[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]，如何得到在这个数组的每个元素之间插入3个0后的新数组？In [23]:nd12=[1,2,3,4,5]nd12Out[23]:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]In [24]:nd12_v=np.vstack(nd12)nd12_vOut[24]:array([[1],

[2],

[3],

[4],

[5]])In [25]:nd12_z=np.zeros((5,3),dtype="int32")nd12_zOut[25]:array([[0, 0, 0],

[0, 0, 0],

[0, 0, 0]])In [26]:np.concatenate([nd12_v,nd12_z],axis=1)Out[26]:array([[1, 0, 0, 0],

[2, 0, 0, 0],

[3, 0, 0, 0],

[4, 0, 0, 0],

[5, 0, 0, 0]])

13、给定一个二维矩阵，如何交换其中两行的元素？In [27]:nd13=np.random.randint(0,20,size=(3,4))nd13Out[27]:array([[ 1, 12, 16, 13],

[ 8, 13, 10, 4],

[ 7, 7, 2, 5]])In [28]:nd13[[0,2,1]]Out[28]:array([[ 1, 12, 16, 13],

[ 7, 7, 2, 5],

[ 8, 13, 10, 4]])

14、创建一个100000长度的随机数组，使用两种方法对其求三次方，并比较所用时间In [29]:nd14=np.random.randint(0,100000,5)nd14Out[29]:array([46129, 89120, 29541, 79550, 66737])In [30]:%timeit np.power(nd14, 3)1.66 µs ± 131 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)In [31]:nd14_2=np.dot(nd14,nd14)%timeit np.dot(nd14_2,nd14)2.51 µs ± 253 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)

15、创建一个53随机矩阵和一个32随机矩阵，求矩阵积In [32]:nd15_1=np.random.randint(0,10,size=(5,3))nd15_1Out[32]:array([[6, 7, 4],

[0, 3, 8],

[0, 0, 3],

[0, 3, 2],

[4, 1, 2]])In [33]:nd15_2=np.random.randint(0,10,size=(3,2))nd15_2Out[33]:array([[1, 5],

[1, 9],

[6, 2]])In [34]:np.dot(nd15_1,nd15_2)Out[34]:array([[ 37, 101],

[ 51, 43],

[ 18, 6],

[ 15, 31],

[ 17, 33]])

16、矩阵的每一行的元素都减去该行的平均值In [35]:nd16=np.random.randint(0,10,size=(3,2))nd16Out[35]:array([[2, 7],

[6, 9],

[2, 9]])In [36]:nd16_1=np.mean(nd16,axis=1)nd16_2=np.vstack(nd16_1)nd16_2Out[36]:array([[ 4.5],

[ 7.5],

[ 5.5]])In [37]:nd16-nd16_2Out[37]:array([[-2.5, 2.5],

[-1.5, 1.5],

[-3.5, 3.5]])

17、打印出以下函数（要求使用np.zeros创建8*8的矩阵）： [[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1] [1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0] [0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1] [1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0] [0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1] [1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0] [0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1] [1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0]]In [38]:nd17=np.zeros((8,8),dtype="int32")nd17Out[38]:array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])In [39]:nd17[1::2,::2] = 1nd17[::2,1::2] = 1nd17Out[39]:array([[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0]])

18、正则化一个5*5随机矩阵正则的概念：假设a是矩阵中的一个元素，max/min分别是矩阵元素的最大最小值，则正则化后a = (a - min)/(max - min)In [40]:nd18 = np.random.random((5,5))max, min =nd18.max(),nd18.min()nd18 = (nd18 - min)/(max - min)nd18Out[40]:array([[ 0.25144383, 0.82645318, 0. , 0.18497809, 0.66760464],

[ 0.98185414, 0.09698211, 0.40000897, 0.32858921, 1. ],

[ 0.20143467, 0.56118396, 0.53422648, 0.7448601 , 0.79003777],

[ 0.63127953, 0.24049893, 0.84784467, 0.01238311, 0.80379845],

[ 0.46492319, 0.0671232 , 0.71125054, 0.04335297, 0.05462583]])

19、将一个一维数组转化为二进制表示矩阵。例如 [1,2,3] 转化为 [[0,0,1], [0,1,0], [0,1,1]]In [41]:1 and 0Out[41]:0In [42]:1 or 0Out[42]:1In [43]:1 & 2Out[43]:0In [44]:# 60 = 1*2^5 + 1*2^4 + 1*2^3 +0*2^2+0*2^1+ 1*2^0# 111001 & 2^3#2 = 010# 3 = 011# 011# 0101 & 2**01 & 2**11 & 2**23 & 2**03 & 2**13 & 2**2Out[44]:0In [45]:I = np.array([1,2,3])IOut[45]:array([1, 2, 3])In [46]:A = I.reshape((-1,1))AOut[46]:array([[1],

[2],

[3]])In [47]:B = 2**np.arange(3)BOut[47]:array([1, 2, 4], dtype=int32)In [48]:M = A & BMOut[48]:array([[1, 0, 0],

[0, 2, 0],

[1, 2, 0]], dtype=int32)In [49]:M != 0Out[49]:array([[ True, False, False],

[False, True, False],

[ True, True, False]], dtype=bool)In [50]:M[M!=0] = 1MOut[50]:array([[1, 0, 0],

[0, 1, 0],

[1, 1, 0]], dtype=int32)In [51]:M[:,::-1]Out[51]:array([[0, 0, 1],

[0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 1]], dtype=int32)

20、实现冒泡排序法In [52]:nd20=[1,3,4,2,78,5,0,8]for i in range(len(nd20) - 1):for j in range(len(nd20)- 1 - i):if nd20[j] > nd20[j+1]:nd20[j],nd20[j+1] = nd20[j+1],nd20[j]nd20Out[52]:[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 78]