再来看求和函数SUM:
功能描述:该函数计算组中表达式的累积和。
sum函数如果不加order子句,窗口为每个partition分组内的数据记录集合,如果加了order子句,则默认窗口为rows between unbounded preceding and current row.
如果需要求该组所有的值,则需要显式的改变order的窗口,增加rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following,或者干脆不要order by子句.
例如:表中有两个部门的记录:department_id=10和20
1.原表信息:
SQL> break on deptno skip 1 --为效果更明显,把不同部门的数据隔段显示。SQL> select deptno,ename,sal2 from emp order by deptno;
DEPTNO ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
10 CLARK 2450
KING 5000
MILLER 1300
20 SMITH 800
ADAMS 1100
FORD 3000
SCOTT 3000
JONES 2975
30 ALLEN 1600
BLAKE 2850
MARTIN 1250
JAMES 950
TURNER 1500
WARD 1250
已选择14行。
2.先来一个简单的,注意over(...)条件的不同,使用sum(sal) over (order by ename)...查询员工的薪水“连续”求和(从第一条加到当前行),注意over (order by ename)如果没有order by子句,求和就不是“连续”的,放在一起,体会一下不同之处:
SQL> break on '' --取消数据分段显示SQL> select deptno,ename,sal,sum(sal) over (order by ename)连续求和,
sum(sal) over ()总和,--此处sum(sal) over ()等同于sum(sal),但每条--记录都要求一遍,很没效率 但和上面的sum(sal) over (order by ename)是不同的100*round(sal/sum(sal) over (),4) "份额(%)"—over()后面空白默认全部from emp;
DEPTNO ENAME SAL连续求和总和份额(%)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
20 ADAMS 1100 1100 29025 3.79
30 ALLEN 1600 2700 29025 5.51
30 BLAKE 2850 5550 29025 9.82
10CLARK 2450 8000 29025 8.44
20 FORD 3000 11000 29025 10.34
30 JAMES 950 11950 29025 3.27
20 JONES 2975 14925 29025 10.25
10 KING 5000 19925 29025 17.23
30 MARTIN 1250 21175 29025 4.31
10MILLER 1300 22475 29025 4.48
20 SCOTT 3000 25475 29025 10.34
20 SMITH 800 26275 29025 2.76
30 TURNER 1500 27775 29025 5.17
30WARD 1250 29025 29025 4.31
已选择14行。
3.使用子分区查出各部门薪水连续的总和。注意按部门分区。注意over(...)条件的不同,sum(sal) over (partition by deptno order by ename)按部门“连续”求总和,sum(sal) over (partition by deptno)按部门求总和,sum(sal) over (order by deptno,ename)不按部门“连续”求总和,sum(sal) over ()不按部门,求所有员工总和,效果等同于sum(sal)。
SQL> break on deptno skip 1 --为效果更明显,把不同部门的数据隔段显示。SQL> select deptno,ename,sal
,sum(sal) over (partition by deptno order by ename)部门连续求和,--各部门的薪水"连续"求和,
sum(sal) over (partition by deptno)部门总和, --部门统计总和100*round(sal/sum(sal) over (partition by deptno),4) "部门份额(%)",
sum(sal) over (order by deptno,ename)连续求和, --所有部门的薪水"连续"求和sum(sal) over ()总和, --此处sum(sal) over ()等同于sum(sal),薪水总和100*round(sal/sum(sal) over (),4) "总份额(%)"
from emp
/
DEPTNO ENAME SAL部门连续求和 部门总和 部门份额(%)连续求和总和 总份额(%)
------ ------ ----- ------------ ---------- ----------- ---------- ------ ------
10CLARK 2450 2450 8750 28 2450 29025 8.44
KING 5000 7450 8750 57.14 7450 29025 17.23
MILLER1300 8750 8750 14.86 8750 29025 4.48
20 ADAMS 1100 1100 10875 10.11 9850 29025 3.79
FORD 3000 4100 10875 27.59 12850 29025 10.34
JONES 2975 7075 10875 27.36 15825 29025 10.25
SCOTT 3000 10075 10875 27.59 18825 10.34
SMITH 800 10875 10875 7.36 19625 29025 2.76
30 ALLEN 1600 1600 9400 17.02 21225 29025 5.51
BLAKE 2850 4450 9400 30.32 24075 29025 9.82
JAMES 950 5400 9400 10.11 25025 29025 3.27
MARTIN1250 6650 9400 13.3 26275 29025 4.31
TURNER1500 8150 9400 15.9 2777529025 5.17
WARD 1250 9400 9400 13.3 29025 29025 4.31
已选择14行。
4.来一个综合的例子,求和规则有按部门分区的,有不分区的例子SQL> select deptno,ename,sal,sum(sal) over (partition by deptno order by sal) dept_sum,sum(sal) over (order by deptno,sal) sum from emp;
DEPTNO ENAME SAL DEPT_SUM SUM
------ ------- -------- ---------- ----------
10 MILLER 1300 1300 1300
CLARK 2450 3750 3750
KING 5000 8750 8750
20 SMITH 800 800 9550
ADAMS 1100 1900 10650
JONES 2975 4875 13625
SCOTT 3000 10875 19625
FORD 3000 10875 19625
30 JAMES950 950 20575
WARD 1250 3450 23075
MARTIN 1250 3450 23075
TURNER 1500 4950 24575
ALLEN 1600 6550 26175
BLAKE 2850 9400 29025
已选择14行。
5.来一个逆序的,即部门从大到小排列,部门里各员工的薪水从高到低排列,累计和的规则不变。
SQL> select deptno,ename,sal,
2 sum(sal) over (partition by deptno order by deptno desc,sal desc) dept_sum,
3 sum(sal) over (order by deptno desc,sal desc) sum
4 from emp;
DEPTNO ENAME SAL DEPT_SUM SUM
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
30 BLAKE 2850 2850 2850
ALLEN 1600 4450 4450
TURNER 1500 5950 5950
WARD 1250 8450 8450
MARTIN 1250 8450 8450
JAMES 950 9400 9400
20 SCOTT 3000 6000 15400--此处错,应该3000 12400FORD 3000 6000 15400--实际运行结果也如此10G
JONES 2975 8975 18375
ADAMS 1100 10075 19475
MITH 800 10875 20275
10KING 5000 5000 25275
CLARK 2450 7450 27725
MILLER 1300 8750 29025
已选择14行。
6.select deptno,ename,sal,
sum(sal)over(partition by deptno order by ename) sum1,/*表示按部门号分氏,按姓名排序并连续求和*/
sum(sal)over(partition by deptno) sum2,/*表示部门分区,求和*/
sum(sal)over(partition by deptno order by sal) sum3,/*按部门分区,按薪水排序并连续求和*/
100* round(sal/sum(sal)over(),4) "bal%"
from emp;
结果如下:
DEPTNO ENAMESALSUM1SUM2SUM3bal%
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
10 CLARK24502450875037508.44
10KING500074508750875017.23
10MILLER13008750875013004.48
20 ADAMS110011001087519003.79
20 FORD30004100108751087510.34
20JONES2975707510875487510.25
20 SCOTT300010075108751087510.34
20SMITH800 10875108758002.76
30 ALLEN16001600940065505.51
30 BLAKE28504450940094009.82
30 JAMES950540094009503.27
30 MARTIN12506650940034504.31
30TURNER15008150940049505.17
30 WARD12509400940034504.31
7.不要在语句后面加order by子句,使用的分析函数的(partition by deptno order by sal)里已经有排序的语句了,如果再在句尾添加排序子句,一致倒罢了,不一致,结果就令人费劲了。如:
SQL> select deptno,ename,sal,sum(sal) over (partition by deptno order by sal) dept_sum,sum(sal) over (order by deptno,sal) sum from emp order by deptno desc;
DEPTNO ENAME SAL DEPT_SUM SUM
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
30 JAMES 950 950 20575
WARD 1250 3450 23075
MARTIN 1250 3450 23075
TURNER 1500 4950 24575
ALLEN 1600 6550 26175
BLAKE 2850 9400 29025
20 SMITH 800 800 9550
ADAMS 1100 1900 10650
JONES 2975 4875 13625
SCOTT 3000 10875 19625
FORD 3000 10875 19625
10 MILLER 1300 1300 1300
CLARK 2450 3750 3750
KING 5000 8750 8750
已选择14行