qpython3h教程_【第三节】PyQt5布局管理

PyQt5布局有两种方式，绝对定位和布局类

绝对定位

程序指定每个控件的位置和大小(以像素为单位)。

绝对定位有以下限制:

如果我们调整窗口，控件的大小和位置不会改变

在各种平台上应用程序看起来会不一样

如果改变字体，我们的应用程序的布局就会改变

如果我们决定改变我们的布局,我们必须完全重做我们的布局

下面的例子显示了一个绝对定位

Python

#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

This example shows three labels on a window

using absolute positioning.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QLabel, QApplication

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

lbl1 = QLabel('Zetcode', self)

lbl1.move(15, 10)

lbl2 = QLabel('tutorials', self)

lbl2.move(35, 40)

lbl3 = QLabel('for programmers', self)

lbl3.move(55, 70)

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)

self.setWindowTitle('Absolute')

self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

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#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

This example shows three labels on a window

using absolute positioning.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

importsys

fromPyQt5.QtWidgetsimportQWidget,QLabel,QApplication

classExample(QWidget):

def__init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

definitUI(self):

lbl1=QLabel('Zetcode',self)

lbl1.move(15,10)

lbl2=QLabel('tutorials',self)

lbl2.move(35,40)

lbl3=QLabel('for programmers',self)

lbl3.move(55,70)

self.setGeometry(300,300,250,150)

self.setWindowTitle('Absolute')

self.show()

if__name__=='__main__':

app=QApplication(sys.argv)

ex=Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

我们使用move()方法来控制控件的位置。

框布局 Boxlayout

我们使用QHBoxLayout和QVBoxLayout，来分别创建横向布局和纵向布局。

Python

#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

In this example, we position two push

buttons in the bottom-right corner

of the window.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton,

QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QApplication)

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

okButton = QPushButton("OK")

cancelButton = QPushButton("Cancel")

hbox = QHBoxLayout()

hbox.addStretch(1)

hbox.addWidget(okButton)

hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)

vbox = QVBoxLayout()

vbox.addStretch(1)

vbox.addLayout(hbox)

self.setLayout(vbox)

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 150)

self.setWindowTitle('Buttons')

self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

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#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

In this example, we position two push

buttons in the bottom-right corner

of the window.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

importsys

fromPyQt5.QtWidgetsimport(QWidget,QPushButton,

QHBoxLayout,QVBoxLayout,QApplication)

classExample(QWidget):

def__init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

definitUI(self):

okButton=QPushButton("OK")

cancelButton=QPushButton("Cancel")

hbox=QHBoxLayout()

hbox.addStretch(1)

hbox.addWidget(okButton)

hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)

vbox=QVBoxLayout()

vbox.addStretch(1)

vbox.addLayout(hbox)

self.setLayout(vbox)

self.setGeometry(300,300,300,150)

self.setWindowTitle('Buttons')

self.show()

if__name__=='__main__':

app=QApplication(sys.argv)

ex=Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

在这个例子中，我们使用HBoxLayout和QVBoxLayout并添加伸展因子，在窗口的右下角显示两个按钮。

Python

hbox = QHBoxLayout()

hbox.addStretch(1)

hbox.addWidget(okButton)

hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)

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hbox=QHBoxLayout()

hbox.addStretch(1)

hbox.addWidget(okButton)

hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)

我们创建一个水平布局和添加一个伸展因子和两个按钮。两个按钮前的伸展增加了一个可伸缩的空间。这将推动他们靠右显示。

Python

vbox = QVBoxLayout()

vbox.addStretch(1)

vbox.addLayout(hbox)

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vbox=QVBoxLayout()

vbox.addStretch(1)

vbox.addLayout(hbox)

创建一个垂直布局，并添加伸展因子，让水平布局显示在窗口底部

Python

self.setLayout(vbox)

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self.setLayout(vbox)

最后,我们设置窗口的布局界面

表格布局 QGridLayout

表格布局将空间划分为行和列。我们使用QGridLayout类创建一个网格布局。

Python

#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

In this example, we create a skeleton

of a calculator using a QGridLayout.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QGridLayout,

QPushButton, QApplication)

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

grid = QGridLayout()

self.setLayout(grid)

names = ['Cls', 'Bck', '', 'Close',

'7', '8', '9', '/',

'4', '5', '6', '*',

'1', '2', '3', '-',

'0', '.', '=', '+']

positions = [(i,j) for i in range(5) for j in range(4)]

for position, name in zip(positions, names):

if name == '':

continue

button = QPushButton(name)

grid.addWidget(button, *position)

self.move(300, 150)

self.setWindowTitle('Calculator')

self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

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#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

In this example, we create a skeleton

of a calculator using a QGridLayout.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

importsys

fromPyQt5.QtWidgetsimport(QWidget,QGridLayout,

QPushButton,QApplication)

classExample(QWidget):

def__init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

definitUI(self):

grid=QGridLayout()

self.setLayout(grid)

names=['Cls','Bck','','Close',

'7','8','9','/',

'4','5','6','*',

'1','2','3','-',

'0','.','=','+']

positions=[(i,j)foriinrange(5)forjinrange(4)]

forposition,nameinzip(positions,names):

ifname=='':

continue

button=QPushButton(name)

grid.addWidget(button,*position)

self.move(300,150)

self.setWindowTitle('Calculator')

self.show()

if__name__=='__main__':

app=QApplication(sys.argv)

ex=Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

在我们的示例中,我们创建一个网格的按钮。

Python

grid = QGridLayout()

self.setLayout(grid)

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grid=QGridLayout()

self.setLayout(grid)

QGridLayout的实例被创建并设置应用程序窗口的布局。

Python

names = ['Cls', 'Bck', '', 'Close',

'7', '8', '9', '/',

'4', '5', '6', '*',

'1', '2', '3', '-',

'0', '.', '=', '+']

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names=['Cls','Bck','','Close',

'7','8','9','/',

'4','5','6','*',

'1','2','3','-',

'0','.','=','+']

这些按钮的标签。

Python

positions = [(i,j) for i in range(5) for j in range(4)]

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positions=[(i,j)foriinrange(5)forjinrange(4)]

我们创建一个网格中的位置的列表。

Python

for position, name in zip(positions, names):

if name == '':

continue

button = QPushButton(name)

grid.addWidget(button, *position)

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forposition,nameinzip(positions,names):

ifname=='':

continue

button=QPushButton(name)

grid.addWidget(button,*position)

创建按钮并使用addWidget()方法添加到布局中。

评论的例子

控件可以在网格中跨越多个行或列。在下一个示例中,我们说明了这一点。

Python

#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

In this example, we create a bit

more complicated window layout using

the QGridLayout manager.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel, QLineEdit,

QTextEdit, QGridLayout, QApplication)

class Example(QWidget):

def __init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

def initUI(self):

title = QLabel('Title')

author = QLabel('Author')

review = QLabel('Review')

titleEdit = QLineEdit()

authorEdit = QLineEdit()

reviewEdit = QTextEdit()

grid = QGridLayout()

grid.setSpacing(10)

grid.addWidget(title, 1, 0)

grid.addWidget(titleEdit, 1, 1)

grid.addWidget(author, 2, 0)

grid.addWidget(authorEdit, 2, 1)

grid.addWidget(review, 3, 0)

grid.addWidget(reviewEdit, 3, 1, 5, 1)

self.setLayout(grid)

self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 300)

self.setWindowTitle('Review')

self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

ex = Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

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#!/usr/bin/python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""

Py40 PyQt5 tutorial

In this example, we create a bit

more complicated window layout using

the QGridLayout manager.

author: Jan Bodnar

website: py40.com

last edited: January 2015

"""

importsys

fromPyQt5.QtWidgetsimport(QWidget,QLabel,QLineEdit,

QTextEdit,QGridLayout,QApplication)

classExample(QWidget):

def__init__(self):

super().__init__()

self.initUI()

definitUI(self):

title=QLabel('Title')

author=QLabel('Author')

review=QLabel('Review')

titleEdit=QLineEdit()

authorEdit=QLineEdit()

reviewEdit=QTextEdit()

grid=QGridLayout()

grid.setSpacing(10)

grid.addWidget(title,1,0)

grid.addWidget(titleEdit,1,1)

grid.addWidget(author,2,0)

grid.addWidget(authorEdit,2,1)

grid.addWidget(review,3,0)

grid.addWidget(reviewEdit,3,1,5,1)

self.setLayout(grid)

self.setGeometry(300,300,350,300)

self.setWindowTitle('Review')

self.show()

if__name__=='__main__':

app=QApplication(sys.argv)

ex=Example()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

我们创建一个窗口,其中有三个标签,两个行编辑和一个文本编辑窗口小控件。然后使用QGridLayout完成布局。

Python

grid = QGridLayout()

grid.setSpacing(10)

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grid=QGridLayout()

grid.setSpacing(10)

创建一个网格布局和设置组件之间的间距。

Python

grid.addWidget(reviewEdit, 3, 1, 5, 1)

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grid.addWidget(reviewEdit,3,1,5,1)

在添加一个小的控件到网格的时候,我们可以提供小部件的行和列跨。在例子中,reviewEdit控件跨度5行。