上篇博客中已经介绍过Django的安装和基本使用，如果大家还有不明白请参考我的博客
Python [4] Django的安装和基础运行环境简介
这篇博客和大家聊聊Python结合Django实现IT资产管理
基础环境：系统版本：CentOS 6.4 64bit
Python版本：2.6
Django版本：1.6.5
ip地址：192.168.1.210
一、安装Django环境# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# sed -i 's@^#@@' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# sed -i 's@mirrorlist@#mirrorlist@' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
# yum -y install python-pip
# pip install 'django==1.6.5'
二、创建工程和应用[root@localhost ~]# django-admin.py startproject Simplecmdb
[root@localhost ~]# cd Simplecmdb/
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# django-admin.py startapp hostinfo
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# tree ./
./
├── hostinfo
│ ├── admin.py
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── tests.py
│ └── views.py
├── manage.py
└── Simplecmdb
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
2 directories, 10 files
三、配置应用
1、修改工程配置文件[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim Simplecmdb/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'hostinfo',#添加应用
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',#注释此行(默认禁止第三方curl工具使用)
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-cn'#修改字符集
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'#修改时区
2、添加应用的url访问[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# cat Simplecmdb/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'Simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^hostinfo$','hostinfo.views.index'), #访问的url路径
)解释：hostinfo.views.index
hostinfo：创建的应用和工程在同一级目录
views：视图文件，定义请求的响应就是由这个文件定义的
index：是视图文件中定义的一个函数名
3、定义搜集主机信息的数据模型(也就是字段名和数据类型)[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# cat hostinfo/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
4、初始化模型数据库并生成数据库文件[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table hostinfo_host
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root
Email address: zhengyansheng@nihao.com
Password: #后台admin的登陆密码
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
5、注册后台admin并显示注册信息[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/admin.py#注册数据库
from django.contrib import admin
from hostinfo.models import Host
# Register your models here.
class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = [
'hostname',
'ip',
'osversion',
'memory',
'disk',
'vendor_id',
'model_name',
'cpu_core',
'product',
'Manufacturer',
'sn']
admin.site.register(Host,HostAdmin)
6、定义用户的响应请求[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from hostinfo.models import Host
# Create your views here.
def index(req):
print req
if req.method == 'POST':
hostname = req.POST.get('hostname')
ip = req.POST.get('ip')
osversion = req.POST.get('osversion')
memory = req.POST.get('memory')
disk = req.POST.get('disk')
vendor_id = req.POST.get('vendor_id')
model_name = req.POST.get('model_name')
cpu_core = req.POST.get('cpu_core')
product = req.POST.get('product')
Manufacturer = req.POST.get('Manufacturer')
sn = req.POST.get('sn')
host = Host()
host.hostname = hostname
host.ip = ip
host.osversion = osversion
host.memory = memory
host.disk = disk
host.vendor_id = vendor_id
host.model_name = model_name
host.cpu_core = cpu_core
host.product = product
host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer
host.sn = sn
host.save()
return HttpResponse('ok')
else:
return HttpResponse('no data')
三、运行django的工程服务[root@localhost ~]# cd /root/Simplecmdb/
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80
Validating models...
0 errors found
March 02, 2015 - 16:11:12
Django version 1.6.5, using settings 'Simplecmdb.settings'
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:80/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
四、浏览器访问页面
1、访问主页面
2、访问hostinfo页面因为我们没有传送任何数据，所以返回我们定义的字符串"no data"
3、访问后台admin页面注册的账号是root，密码为123456
五、以下是用Python实现对Linux主机的信息采集
搜集的信息主要包括：主机名、ip、系统版本、硬盘、内存、cpu的个数、cpu的厂商、序列号和生产商[root@localhost ~]# cat post_hostinfo.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf8
#author:Allentuns
#time:2015-02-14
from subprocess import Popen,PIPE
import urllib,urllib2
import pickle
import json
import re
###[hostname message]#####
def get_HostnameInfo(file):
with open(file,'r') as fd:
data = fd.read().split('\n')
for line in data:
if line.startswith('HOSTNAME'):
hostname = line.split('=')[1]
break
return hostname
#####[ipaddr message]#####
def get_Ipaddr():
P = Popen(['ifconfig'],stdout=PIPE)
data = P.stdout.read()
list = []
str = ''
option = False
lines = data.split('\n')
for line in lines:
if not line.startswith(' '):
list.append(str)
str = line
else:
str += line
while True:
if '' in list:
list.remove('')
else:
break
r_devname = re.compile('(eth\d*|lo)')
r_mac = re.compile('HWaddr\s([A-F0-9:]{17})')
r_ip = re.compile('addr:([\d.]{7,15})')
for line in list:
devname = r_devname.findall(line)
mac = r_mac.findall(line)
ip = r_ip.findall(line)
if mac:
return ip[0]
#####[osversion message]#####
def get_OsVerion(file):
with open(file) as fd:
lines = fd.readlines()
os_version = lines[0][:-8]
return os_version
#####[memory message]#####
def get_MemoryInfo(file):
with open(file) as fd:
data_list = fd.read().split('\n')
MemTotal_line = data_list[0]
Memory_K = MemTotal_line.split()[1]
Memory_G = float(Memory_K)/1000/1000
Memory_G2 = '%.2f' % Memory_G
memory = Memory_G2 + 'G'
return memory
#####[disk message]#####
def get_DiskInfo():
p = Popen(['fdisk','-l'],stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE)
stdout,stderr = p.communicate()
diskdata = stdout
disk_initial_size = 0
re_disk_type = re.compile(r'Disk /dev/[shd]{1}.*:\s+[\d.\s\w]*,\s+([\d]+).*')
disk_size_bytes = re_disk_type.findall(diskdata)
for size in disk_size_bytes:
disk_initial_size += int(size)
disk_size_total_bytes = '%.2f' % (float(disk_initial_size)/1000/1000/1000)
disk_size_total_G = disk_size_total_bytes + 'G'
disk = disk_size_total_G
return disk
#####[cpu message]#####
def get_CpuInfo():
p = Popen(['cat','/proc/cpuinfo'],stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
cpudata = stdout.strip()
cpu_dict = {}
re_cpu_cores = re.compile(r'processor\s+:\s+([\d])')
re_vendor_id = re.compile(r'vendor_id\s+:\s([\w]+)')
re_model_name = re.compile(r'model name\s+:\s+(.*)')
res_cpu_cores = re_cpu_cores.findall(cpudata)
cpu_dict['Cpu_Cores'] = int(res_cpu_cores[-1]) + 1
res_vendor_id = re_vendor_id.findall(cpudata)
cpu_dict['Vendor_Id'] = res_vendor_id[-1]
res_model_name = re_model_name.findall(cpudata)
cpu_dict['Model_Name'] = res_model_name[-1]
return cpu_dict
#####[Demi message]#####
def get_dmidecode():
P = Popen(['dmidecode'],stdout=PIPE)
data = P.stdout.read()
lines = data.split('\n\n')
dmidecode_line = lines[2]
line = [i.strip() for i in dmidecode_line.split('\n') if i]
Manufacturer = line[2].split(': ')[-1]
product = line[3].split(': ')[-1]
sn = line[5].split(': ')[-1]
return Manufacturer,product,sn
if __name__ == '__main__':
#####[get data]#####
hostname = get_HostnameInfo('/etc/sysconfig/network')
ip = get_Ipaddr()
osversion = get_OsVerion('/etc/issue')
memory = get_MemoryInfo('/proc/meminfo')
disk = get_DiskInfo()
Vendor_Id = get_CpuInfo()['Vendor_Id']
Model_Name = get_CpuInfo()['Model_Name']
Cpu_Cores = get_CpuInfo()['Cpu_Cores']
Manufacturer,product,sn = get_dmidecode()
#####[get dict]#####
hostinfo = {
'hostname':hostname,
'ip':ip,
'osversion':osversion,
'memory':memory,
'disk':disk,
'vendor_id':Vendor_Id,
'model_name':Model_Name,
'cpu_core':Cpu_Cores,
'product':product,
'Manufacturer':Manufacturer,
'sn':sn,
}
data = urllib.urlencode(hostinfo)
req = urllib2.urlopen('http://192.168.1.210:80/hostinfo',data)
此脚本需要注意两处：
1、脚本目前只能在CentOS系统上运行，非CentOS系统会报异常，比如文件找不到等
2、执行脚本前需要先安装一个包(demidecode),这个包可以搜集主机的部分信息[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dmidecode
[root@localhost ~]# python post_hostinfo.py
然后刷新后台admin的页面
以上配置还有问题，就是不能保证主机的唯一性，如果反复执行上述脚本会得到以下结果
这个问题可以这样解决，用户执行脚本然后传递参数到服务器，服务器可以做个判断，如果传递的参数已经存在，那么我们不保存此信息，如果是更新，那么我们重新赋值并保存到数据库中[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# cat hostinfo/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from hostinfo.models import Host
# Create your views here.
def index(req):
if req.method == 'POST':
hostname = req.POST.get('hostname')
ip = req.POST.get('ip')
osversion = req.POST.get('osversion')
memory = req.POST.get('memory')
disk = req.POST.get('disk')
vendor_id = req.POST.get('vendor_id')
model_name = req.POST.get('model_name')
cpu_core = req.POST.get('cpu_core')
product = req.POST.get('product')
Manufacturer = req.POST.get('Manufacturer')
sn = req.POST.get('sn')
try: #修改这一部分
host = Host.objects.get(hostname=hostname) #判断是否存在，存在报异常
except:
host = Host()
host.hostname = hostname
host.ip = ip
host.osversion = osversion
host.memory = memory
host.disk = disk
host.vendor_id = vendor_id
host.model_name = model_name
host.cpu_core = cpu_core
host.product = product
host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer
host.sn = sn
host.save()
return HttpResponse('ok')
else:
return HttpResponse('no data')
最终显示的效果如下：
六、主机分组
1、如下图所示：在web高可用集群中，多台服务器提供同一类服务是非常正常的，就比如web前端使用多台nginx和keepalived做高可用，后端应用比如tomcat提供用于的请求响应，像以上这两类我们可以单独进行分组划分。
2、修改配置文件定义主机组
首先在hostinfo应用中添加定义组的数据结构[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
#添加以下行
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
其次检查语法并同步数据库[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py validate
0 errors found
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup_members
Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
最后注册admin并能在admin页面显示[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from hostinfo.models import Host
from hostinfo.models import HostGroup #添加此行
# Register your models here.
class HostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = [
'hostname',
'ip',
'osversion',
'memory',
'disk',
'vendor_id',
'model_name',
'cpu_core',
'product',
'Manufacturer',
'sn']
#添加以下行
class HostGroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['groupname']
admin.site.register(Host,HostAdmin)
admin.site.register(HostGroup,HostGroupAdmin)
浏览器访问admin页面
点击【Host groups】
点击右上角的【增加 hostgroup +】
问题来了，怎么Member都显示的是Host object啊？其实原因出在这里[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
Host和HostGroup都是类，而HostGroup中的members引用上面的Host类，返回值就是一个对象，我们应该在Host类中添加定义一个函数，然后返回我们想要的值就Ok啦
修改代码如下：[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Host(models.Model):
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
ip = models.IPAddressField()
osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50)
memory = models.CharField(max_length=50)
disk = models.CharField(max_length=50)
vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50)
model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50)
product = models.CharField(max_length=50)
Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50)
sn = models.CharField(max_length=50)
def __str__(self):
return self.hostname
class HostGroup(models.Model):
groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
然后同步数据库[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
再次刷新之前的页面
问题得到了解决，我们继续往下看
3、定义组名和添加组成员
添加完成后的效果图如下：
上述所涉及到的还存在一定的问题：我们总不能手动一个个上传此Python脚本到各个客户机，然后在执行此脚本，显然不符合自动化的要求；按自动化的思路来讲，我们应该主动发现同网段的所有主机，然后自动加主机加入到同一个新组中，然后对这个组进行执行上传、执行脚本的工作。这样就省去了很多的麻烦，后续也会继续补上此类的脚本。
Python[6] IT资产管理(下)
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