三行布局（头尾定高主栏自适应）

 

<div class="layout">
  <section class="demo1">
    <header class="h50 orange">方法一：calc</header>
    <main><div class="blue h400">main</div></main>
    <footer class="h50 black">footer</footer>
  </section>
  <section class="demo2">
    <header class="h50 orange">方法二：absolute</header>
    <main><div class="blue h400">main</div></main>
    <footer class="h50 black">footer</footer>
  </section>
  <section class="flex">
    <header class="h50 orange">方法三：flex</header>
    <main><div class="blue h400">main</div></main>
    <footer class="black h50">footer</footer>
  </section>
  <section class="grid">
    <header class="orange">方法四：grid</header>
    <main><div class="blue h400">main</div></main>
    <footer class="black">footer</footer>
  </section>
</div>

html,
body,
.layout {
  height: 100%;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
}
.layout {
  color: #fff;
  text-align: center;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-around;
}
main {
  overflow-y: auto;
}
section {
  width: 20%;
  margin: 20px 0;
}
.h50 {
  height: 50px;
  line-height: 50px;
}
.orange {
  background-color: orange;
}
.blue {
  background-color: #31aff9;
}
.black {
  background-color: black;
}
.demo1 main {
  height: calc(100% - 100px);
    overflow: auto;
}
.h400 {
  height: 400px;
}
.demo2 {
  position: relative;
}
.demo2 header {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
}
.demo2 header {
  width: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
}
.demo2 main {
  height: 100%;
  padding: 50px 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.demo2 footer {
  width: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
}
.flex {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.flex main {
  flex: 1;
}
.grid {
     display: grid;
     grid-template-rows: 50px 1fr 50px;
}
.grid header {
  line-height: 50px;
}
.grid footer {
  line-height: 50px;
}