python 常用函数和库_python常用函数 库 转

可能经常用到的标准模块和第三方常用的50个库

本文由python培训班授课老师整理

数学计算：

numbers — Numeric abstract base classes

math — Mathematical functions

cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers

decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic

fractions — Rational numbers

random — Generate pseudo-random numbers

itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping

functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects

operator — Standard operators as functions

文件和目录访问：

os.path — Common pathname manipulations

fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams

stat — Interpreting stat() results

statvfs — Constants used with os.statvfs()

filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons

tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories

glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion

fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching

linecache — Random access to text lines

shutil — High-level file operations

dircache — Cached directory listings

macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions

数据持久化:

pickle — Python object serialization

cPickle — A faster pickle

copy_reg — Register pickle support functions

shelve — Python object persistence

marshal — Internal Python object serialization

anydbm — Generic access to DBM-style databases

whichdb — Guess which DBM module created a database

dbm — Simple “database” interface

gdbm — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm

dbhash — DBM-style interface to the BSD database library

bsddb — Interface to Berkeley DB library

dumbdbm — Portable DBM implementation

sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases

通用操作系统服务:

os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces

io — Core tools for working with streams

time — Time access and conversions

argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands

optparse — Parser for command line options

getopt — C-style parser for command line options

logging — Logging facility for Python

logging.config — Logging configuration

logging.handlers — Logging handlers

getpass — Portable password input

curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays

curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs

curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters

curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses

platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data

errno — Standard errno system symbols

ctypes — A foreign function library for Python

可选的操作系统服务:

select — Waiting for I/O completion

threading — Higher-level threading interface

thread — Multiple threads of control

dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module

dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the thread module

multiprocessing — Process-based “threading” interface

mmap — Memory-mapped file support

readline — GNU readline interface

rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline

进程间通信和网络:

subprocess — Subprocess management

socket — Low-level networking interface

ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects

signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events

popen2 — Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams

asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler

asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler

互联网数据处理:

email — An email and MIME handling package

json — JSON encoder and decoder

mailcap — Mailcap file handling

mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats

mhlib — Access to MH mailboxes

mimetools — Tools for parsing MIME messages

mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types

MimeWriter — Generic MIME file writer

mimify — MIME processing of mail messages

multifile — Support for files containing distinct parts

rfc822 — Parse RFC 2822 mail headers

base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings

binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files

binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII

quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data

uu — Encode and decode uuencode files

结构化标记处理工具:

HTMLParser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser

sgmllib — Simple SGML parser

htmllib — A parser for HTML documents

htmlentitydefs — Definitions of HTML general entities

XML Processing Modules

XML vulnerabilities

xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API

xml.dom — The Document Object Model API

xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation

xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees

xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers

xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers

xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities

xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers

xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat

互联网协议和技术支持:

webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller

cgi — Common Gateway Interface support

cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts

wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation

urllib — Open arbitrary resources by URL

urllib2 — extensible library for opening URLs

httplib — HTTP protocol client

ftplib — FTP protocol client

poplib — POP3 protocol client

imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client

nntplib — NNTP protocol client

smtplib — SMTP protocol client

smtpd — SMTP Server

telnetlib — Telnet client

uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122

urlparse — Parse URLs into components

SocketServer — A framework for network servers

BaseHTTPServer — Basic HTTP server

SimpleHTTPServer — Simple HTTP request handler

CGIHTTPServer — CGI-capable HTTP request handler

cookielib — Cookie handling for HTTP clients

Cookie — HTTP state management

xmlrpclib — XML-RPC client access

SimpleXMLRPCServer — Basic XML-RPC server

DocXMLRPCServer — Self-documenting XML-RPC server

第三方常用的50个库

Python: 50 modules for all needs

Graphical interface     wxPython     http://wxpython.org

Graphical interface     pyGtk     http://www.pygtk.org

Graphical interface     pyQT     http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/

Graphical interface     Pmw     http://pmw.sourceforge.net/

Graphical interface     Tkinter 3000     http://effbot.org/zone/wck.htm

Graphical interface     Tix     http://tix.sourceforge.net/

Database     MySQLdb     http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python

Database     PyGreSQL     http://www.pygresql.org/

Database     Gadfly     http://gadfly.sourceforge.net/

Database     SQLAlchemy     http://www.sqlalchemy.org/

Database     psycopg     http://www.initd.org/pub/software/psycopg/

Database     kinterbasdb     http://kinterbasdb.sourceforge.net/

Database     cx_Oracle     http://www.cxtools.net/default.aspx?nav=downloads

Database     pySQLite     http://initd.org/tracker/pysqlite

MSN Messenger     msnlib     http://auriga.wearlab.de/~alb/msnlib/

MSN Messenger     pymsn     http://telepathy.freedesktop.org/wiki/Pymsn

MSN Messenger     msnp     http://msnp.sourceforge.net/

Network     Twisted     http://twistedmatrix.com/

Images     PIL     http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/

Images     gdmodule     http://newcenturycomputers.net/projects/gdmodule.html

Images     VideoCapture     http://videocapture.sourceforge.net/

Sciences and Maths     scipy     http://www.scipy.org/

Sciences and Maths     NumPy     http://numpy.scipy.org//

Sciences and Maths     numarray     http://www.stsci.edu/resources/software_hardware/numarray

Sciences and Maths     matplotlib     http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/

Games     Pygame     http://www.pygame.org/news.html

Games     Pyglet     http://www.pyglet.org/

Games     PySoy     http://www.pysoy.org/

Games     pyOpenGL     http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/

Jabber     jabberpy     http://jabberpy.sourceforge.net/

Web     scrape     http://zesty.ca/python/scrape.html

Web     Beautiful Soup     http://crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup

Web     pythonweb     http://www.pythonweb.org/

Web     mechanize     http://wwwsearch.sourceforge.net/mechanize/

Localisation     geoname.py     http://www.zindep.com/blog-zindep/Geoname-python/

Serial port     pySerial     http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/

Serial port     USPP     http://ibarona.googlepages.com/uspp

Parallel Port     pyParallel     http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/pyparallel.html

USB Port     pyUSB     http://bleyer.org/pyusb/

Windows     ctypes     http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes/

Windows     pywin32     http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/

Windows     pywinauto     http://www.openqa.org/pywinauto/

Windows     pyrtf     http://pyrtf.sourceforge.net/

Windows     wmi     http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html

PDA/GSM/Mobiles     pymo     http://www.awaretek.com/pymo.html

PDA/GSM/Mobiles     pyS60     http://sourceforge.net/projects/pys60

Sound     pySoundic     http://pysonic.sourceforge.net/

Sound     pyMedia     http://pymedia.org/

Sound     FMOD     http://www.fmod.org/

Sound     pyMIDI     http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/assist/developer.shtml

GMail     libgmail     http://libgmail.sourceforge.net/

Google     pyGoogle     http://pygoogle.sourceforge.net/

Expect     pyExpect     http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/

WordNet     pyWordNet     http://osteele.com/projects/pywordnet/

Command line     cmd     http://blog.doughellmann.com/2008/05/pymotw-cmd.html

Compiler backend     llvm-py     http://mdevan.nfshost.com/llvm-py/

3D     VPython     http://vpython.org