python 获取进程内存_获得进程内存使用量的Python脚本

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Try to determine how much RAM is currently being used per program.

# Note per _program_, not per process. So for example this script

# will report RAM used by all httpd process together. In detail it reports:

# sum(private RAM for program processes) + sum(Shared RAM for program processes)

# The shared RAM is problematic to calculate, and this script automatically

# selects the most accurate method available for your kernel.

# Licence: LGPLv2

# Author: P@draigBrady.com

# Source: http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/ps_mem.py

# V1.0 06 Jul 2005 Initial release

# V1.1 11 Aug 2006 root permission required for accuracy

# V1.2 08 Nov 2006 Add total to output

# Use KiB,MiB,... for units rather than K,M,...

# V1.3 22 Nov 2006 Ignore shared col from /proc/$pid/statm for

# 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.9.

# There it represented the total file backed extent

# V1.4 23 Nov 2006 Remove total from output as it's meaningless

# (the shared values overlap with other programs).

# Display the shared column. This extra info is

# useful, especially as it overlaps between programs.

# V1.5 26 Mar 2007 Remove redundant recursion from human()

# V1.6 05 Jun 2007 Also report number of processes with a given name.

# Patch from riccardo.murri@gmail.com

# V1.7 20 Sep 2007 Use PSS from /proc/$pid/smaps if available, which

# fixes some over-estimation and allows totalling.

# Enumerate the PIDs directly rather than using ps,

# which fixes the possible race between reading

# RSS with ps, and shared memory with this program.

# Also we can show non truncated command names.

# V1.8 28 Sep 2007 More accurate matching for stats in /proc/$pid/smaps

# as otherwise could match libraries causing a crash.

# Patch from patrice.bouchand.fedora@gmail.com

# V1.9 20 Feb 2008 Fix invalid values reported when PSS is available.

# Reported by Andrey Borzenkov

# V3.3 24 Jun 2014

# http://github.com/pixelb/scripts/commits/master/scripts/ps_mem.py

# Notes:

#

# All interpreted programs where the interpreter is started

# by the shell or with env, will be merged to the interpreter

# (as that's what's given to exec). For e.g. all python programs

# starting with "#!/usr/bin/env python" will be grouped under python.

# You can change this by using the full command line but that will

# have the undesirable affect of splitting up programs started with

# differing parameters (for e.g. mingetty tty[1-6]).

#

# For 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.13 and later 2.4 redhat kernels

# (rmap vm without smaps) it can not be accurately determined how many pages

# are shared between processes in general or within a program in our case:

# http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/6/250

# A warning is printed if overestimation is possible.

# In addition for 2.6 kernels up to 2.6.9 inclusive, the shared

# value in /proc/$pid/statm is the total file-backed extent of a process.

# We ignore that, introducing more overestimation, again printing a warning.

# Since kernel 2.6.23-rc8-mm1 PSS is available in smaps, which allows

# us to calculate a more accurate value for the total RAM used by programs.

#

# Programs that use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD are discounted by assuming

# they're the only programs that have the same /proc/$PID/smaps file for

# each instance. This will fail if there are multiple real instances of a

# program that then use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD, or if a clone changes

# its memory map while we're checksumming each /proc/$PID/smaps.

#

# I don't take account of memory allocated for a program

# by other programs. For e.g. memory used in the X server for

# a program could be determined, but is not.

#

# FreeBSD is supported if linprocfs is mounted at /compat/linux/proc/

# FreeBSD 8.0 supports up to a level of Linux 2.6.16

import getopt

import time

import errno

import os

import sys

try:

# md5 module is deprecated on python 2.6

# so try the newer hashlib first

import hashlib

md5_new = hashlib.md5

except ImportError:

import md5

md5_new = md5.new

# The following exits cleanly on Ctrl-C or EPIPE

# while treating other exceptions as before.

def std_exceptions(etype, value, tb):

sys.excepthook = sys.__excepthook__

if issubclass(etype, KeyboardInterrupt):

pass

elif issubclass(etype, IOError) and value.errno == errno.EPIPE:

pass

else:

sys.__excepthook__(etype, value, tb)

sys.excepthook = std_exceptions

#

# Define some global variables

#

PAGESIZE = os.sysconf("SC_PAGE_SIZE") / 1024 #KiB

our_pid = os.getpid()

have_pss = 0

class Proc:

def __init__(self):

uname = os.uname()

if uname[0] == "FreeBSD":

self.proc = '/compat/linux/proc'

else:

self.proc = '/proc'

def path(self, *args):

return os.path.join(self.proc, *(str(a) for a in args))

def open(self, *args):

try:

return open(self.path(*args))

except (IOError, OSError):

val = sys.exc_info()[1]

if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # kernel thread or process gone

val.errno == errno.EPERM):

raise LookupError

raise

proc = Proc()

#

# Functions

#

def parse_options():

try:

long_options = ['split-args', 'help', 'total']

opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "shtp:w:", long_options)

except getopt.GetoptError:

sys.stderr.write(help())

sys.exit(3)

if len(args):

sys.stderr.write("Extraneous arguments: %s\n" % args)

sys.exit(3)

# ps_mem.py options

split_args = False

pids_to_show = None

watch = None

only_total = False

for o, a in opts:

if o in ('-s', '--split-args'):

split_args = True

if o in ('-t', '--total'):

only_total = True

if o in ('-h', '--help'):

sys.stdout.write(help())

sys.exit(0)

if o in ('-p',):

try:

pids_to_show = [int(x) for x in a.split(',')]

except:

sys.stderr.write(help())

sys.exit(3)

if o in ('-w',):

try:

watch = int(a)

except:

sys.stderr.write(help())

sys.exit(3)

return (split_args, pids_to_show, watch, only_total)

def help():

help_msg = 'Usage: ps_mem [OPTION]...\n' \

'Show program core memory usage\n' \

'\n' \

' -h, -help Show this help\n' \

' -p [,pid2,...pidN] Only show memory usage PIDs in the specified list\n' \

' -s, --split-args Show and separate by, all command line arguments\n' \

' -t, --total Show only the total value\n' \

' -w Measure and show process memory every N seconds\n'

return help_msg

#(major,minor,release)

def kernel_ver():

kv = proc.open('sys/kernel/osrelease').readline().split(".")[:3]

last = len(kv)

if last == 2:

kv.append('0')

last -= 1

while last > 0:

for char in "-_":

kv[last] = kv[last].split(char)[0]

try:

int(kv[last])

except:

kv[last] = 0

last -= 1

return (int(kv[0]), int(kv[1]), int(kv[2]))

#return Private,Shared

#Note shared is always a subset of rss (trs is not always)

def getMemStats(pid):

global have_pss

mem_id = pid #unique

Private_lines = []

Shared_lines = []

Pss_lines = []

Rss = (int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[1])

* PAGESIZE)

if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')): #stat

digester = md5_new()

for line in proc.open(pid, 'smaps').readlines(): #open

# Note we checksum smaps as maps is usually but

# not always different for separate processes.

digester.update(line.encode('latin1'))

if line.startswith("Shared"):

Shared_lines.append(line)

elif line.startswith("Private"):

Private_lines.append(line)

elif line.startswith("Pss"):

have_pss = 1

Pss_lines.append(line)

mem_id = digester.hexdigest()

Shared = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Shared_lines])

Private = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Private_lines])

#Note Shared + Private = Rss above

#The Rss in smaps includes video card mem etc.

if have_pss:

pss_adjust = 0.5 # add 0.5KiB as this avg error due to trunctation

Pss = sum([float(line.split()[1])+pss_adjust for line in Pss_lines])

Shared = Pss - Private

elif (2,6,1) <= kernel_ver() <= (2,6,9):

Shared = 0 #lots of overestimation, but what can we do?

Private = Rss

else:

Shared = int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[2])

Shared *= PAGESIZE

Private = Rss - Shared

return (Private, Shared, mem_id)

def getCmdName(pid, split_args):

cmdline = proc.open(pid, 'cmdline').read().split("\0")

if cmdline[-1] == '' and len(cmdline) > 1:

cmdline = cmdline[:-1]

path = proc.path(pid, 'exe')

try:

path = os.readlink(path)

# Some symlink targets were seen to contain NULs on RHEL 5 at least

# https://github.com/pixelb/scripts/pull/10, so take string up to NUL

path = path.split('\0')[0]

except OSError:

val = sys.exc_info()[1]

if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # either kernel thread or process gone

val.errno == errno.EPERM):

raise LookupError

raise

if split_args:

return " ".join(cmdline)

if path.endswith(" (deleted)"):

path = path[:-10]

if os.path.exists(path):

path += " [updated]"

else:

#The path could be have prelink stuff so try cmdline

#which might have the full path present. This helped for:

#/usr/libexec/notification-area-applet.#prelink#.fX7LCT (deleted)

if os.path.exists(cmdline[0]):

path = cmdline[0] + " [updated]"

else:

path += " [deleted]"

exe = os.path.basename(path)

cmd = proc.open(pid, 'status').readline()[6:-1]

if exe.startswith(cmd):

cmd = exe #show non truncated version

#Note because we show the non truncated name

#one can have separated programs as follows:

#584.0 KiB + 1.0 MiB = 1.6 MiB mozilla-thunder (exe -> bash)

# 56.0 MiB + 22.2 MiB = 78.2 MiB mozilla-thunderbird-bin

return cmd

#The following matches "du -h" output

#see also human.py

def human(num, power="Ki", units=None):

if units is None:

powers = ["Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti"]

while num >= 1000: #4 digits

num /= 1024.0

power = powers[powers.index(power)+1]

return "%.1f %sB" % (num, power)

else:

return "%.f" % ((num * 1024) / units)

def cmd_with_count(cmd, count):

if count > 1:

return "%s (%u)" % (cmd, count)

else:

return cmd

#Warn of possible inaccuracies

#2 = accurate & can total

#1 = accurate only considering each process in isolation

#0 = some shared mem not reported

#-1= all shared mem not reported

def shared_val_accuracy():

"""http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/TopSharedMemoryBug"""

kv = kernel_ver()

pid = os.getpid()

if kv[:2] == (2,4):

if proc.open('meminfo').read().find("Inact_") == -1:

return 1

return 0

elif kv[:2] == (2,6):

if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')):

if proc.open(pid, 'smaps').read().find("Pss:")!=-1:

return 2

else:

return 1

if (2,6,1) <= kv <= (2,6,9):

return -1

return 0

elif kv[0] > 2 and os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')):

return 2

else:

return 1

def show_shared_val_accuracy( possible_inacc, only_total=False ):

level = ("Warning","Error")[only_total]

if possible_inacc == -1:

sys.stderr.write(

"%s: Shared memory is not reported by this system.\n" % level

)

sys.stderr.write(

"Values reported will be too large, and totals are not reported\n"

)

elif possible_inacc == 0:

sys.stderr.write(

"%s: Shared memory is not reported accurately by this system.\n" % level

)

sys.stderr.write(

"Values reported could be too large, and totals are not reported\n"

)

elif possible_inacc == 1:

sys.stderr.write(

"%s: Shared memory is slightly over-estimated by this system\n"

"for each program, so totals are not reported.\n" % level

)

sys.stderr.close()

if only_total and possible_inacc != 2:

sys.exit(1)

def get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args, include_self=False, only_self=False ):

cmds = {}

shareds = {}

mem_ids = {}

count = {}

for pid in os.listdir(proc.path('')):

if not pid.isdigit():

continue

pid = int(pid)

# Some filters

if only_self and pid != our_pid:

continue

if pid == our_pid and not include_self:

continue

if pids_to_show is not None and pid not in pids_to_show:

continue

try:

cmd = getCmdName(pid, split_args)

except LookupError:

#operation not permitted

#kernel threads don't have exe links or

#process gone

continue

try:

private, shared, mem_id = getMemStats(pid)

except RuntimeError:

continue #process gone

if shareds.get(cmd):

if have_pss: #add shared portion of PSS together

shareds[cmd] += shared

elif shareds[cmd] < shared: #just take largest shared val

shareds[cmd] = shared

else:

shareds[cmd] = shared

cmds[cmd] = cmds.setdefault(cmd, 0) + private

if cmd in count:

count[cmd] += 1

else:

count[cmd] = 1

mem_ids.setdefault(cmd, {}).update({mem_id:None})

#Add shared mem for each program

total = 0

for cmd in cmds:

cmd_count = count[cmd]

if len(mem_ids[cmd]) == 1 and cmd_count > 1:

# Assume this program is using CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD

# so only account for one of the processes

cmds[cmd] /= cmd_count

if have_pss:

shareds[cmd] /= cmd_count

cmds[cmd] = cmds[cmd] + shareds[cmd]

total += cmds[cmd] #valid if PSS available

sorted_cmds = sorted(cmds.items(), key=lambda x:x[1])

sorted_cmds = [x for x in sorted_cmds if x[1]]

return sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total

def print_header():

sys.stdout.write(" Private + Shared = RAM used\tProgram\n\n")

def print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total):

for cmd in sorted_cmds:

sys.stdout.write("%9s + %9s = %9s\t%s\n" %

(human(cmd[1]-shareds[cmd[0]]),

human(shareds[cmd[0]]), human(cmd[1]),

cmd_with_count(cmd[0], count[cmd[0]])))

if have_pss:

sys.stdout.write("%s\n%s%9s\n%s\n" %

("-" * 33, " " * 24, human(total), "=" * 33))

def verify_environment():

if os.geteuid() != 0:

sys.stderr.write("Sorry, root permission required.\n")

if __name__ == '__main__':

sys.stderr.close()

sys.exit(1)

try:

kv = kernel_ver()

except (IOError, OSError):

val = sys.exc_info()[1]

if val.errno == errno.ENOENT:

sys.stderr.write(

"Couldn't access " + proc.path('') + "\n"

"Only GNU/Linux and FreeBSD (with linprocfs) are supported\n")

sys.exit(2)

else:

raise

if __name__ == '__main__':

split_args, pids_to_show, watch, only_total = parse_options()

verify_environment()

if not only_total:

print_header()

if watch is not None:

try:

sorted_cmds = True

while sorted_cmds:

sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )

if only_total and have_pss:

sys.stdout.write(human(total, units=1)+'\n')

elif not only_total:

print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)

time.sleep(watch)

else:

sys.stdout.write('Process does not exist anymore.\n')

except KeyboardInterrupt:

pass

else:

# This is the default behavior

sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )

if only_total and have_pss:

sys.stdout.write(human(total, units=1)+'\n')

elif not only_total:

print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)

# We must close explicitly, so that any EPIPE exception

# is handled by our excepthook, rather than the default

# one which is reenabled after this script finishes.

sys.stdout.close()

vm_accuracy = shared_val_accuracy()

show_shared_val_accuracy( vm_accuracy, only_total )

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