python中封装_如何在Python中进行封装？

因此，Python 3提供了3个级别的数据访问：

1.public(public，没有特殊语法，publicVariable)

2.受保护(受保护，名称开头有一个下划线，即protectedVariable)

3.private(private，名称开头的两个下划线，privateVariable)。

最后一个是封装，这意味着限制对对象组件(变量，方法)的访问，你可以在类内定义方法，这样用户就可以看到变量，甚至可以更改它，如果他想给用户这样的特权，就依赖于程序员，所以简单地说，它实际上给了程序员调用什么是公共的什么是内部的

private和public是基本的和典型的用法，下面是一个例子

`class phone:

name="sony" #this variable is public

__number= 201090943929 #this is private one ,and also my actual number heheheheeh boii

def print_name(self): #this is public method

print ('my phone name is:', self.name)

def __print_number(self): #and private method

print (self.__number)

#actually we(the programmer not the user)-while writing the code- can give the user the user the authority to only

#see the value of the variable ,even to modify it by defining a metod inside the class

def print_private_number(self):

return self.__number

def modify_private_number(self,newNumber):

self.__number=newNumber

print(newNumber)

#now u can both prnt and modify the mumber with only the following methods

my_phone=phone()

my_phone.print_name() #now i called the public function , and cam simply print it as it's public (can be accessed)

print (my_phone.name) #same as here with variable

#Now if we tried to retrive private data ,or run private method

#its gonna end up with an error

#print (my_phone.__number)

#my_phone.__print_number()

print (my_phone.print_private_number())

my_phone.modify_private_number(5)

#so what if the programmer didnt allow us to see the number

#is that the end of the road ? nah ,we still can crack the system and both read and modify the private variables n functions

#hmmm am not gonna call it crack coz the langauage itself provides the programmer with

#syntatic tool that circumvent encapsulation

print (my_phone._phone__number)

#my_phone._phone__print_name()

`