python面向对象作业_Python面向对象

Python面向对象

1、 什么是对象

属性+方法=类

同一个类可以生成无数个对象

一只股票的属性： 市值，成交量，价格...

方法： 获取股票的市值、成交量，计算成交额

2、 通常命名方式类名用大写

属性为名词

方法为动词

classStockA:

price=20

volume=10000

defcalAmount():

returnprice*volume

# 实例化类对象

checkStockA=StockA()

checkStockA.calAmount()---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)

in ()

7 # 实例化类对象

8 checkStockA = stockA()

----> 9 checkStockA.calAmount()

TypeError: calAmount() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

3、 self

类方法必须包含参数 self,且为第一个参数,隐藏并默认的要求。

classStockA:

marketvalue=50000

price=20

volume=10000

defcalAmount(self):

returnself.price*self.volume

# 实例化类对象

checkStockA=StockA()

checkStockA.calAmount()200000

4、 一个类生成多个对象

classstock:

defgetToday(self,stockName,price,volume):

self.stockName=stockName

self.price=price

self.volume=volume

defcalAmount(self):

return{self.stockName+'_Amount':self.price*self.volume}

# 实例化类创建类对象

stockBABA=stock()

stockBABA.getToday('BABA',180,30000)

print(stockBABA.calAmount())

stockTencent=stock()

stockTencent.getToday('Tencent',350,20000)

print(stockTencent.calAmount())

stockBIDU=stock()

stockBIDU.getToday('BIDU',230,10000)

print(stockBIDU.calAmount()){'BABA_Amount': 5400000}

{'Tencent_Amount': 7000000}

{'BIDU_Amount': 2300000}

5、init

实例化时自动运行

classstock:

def__init__(self,stockName,price,volume):

self.stockName=stockName

self.price=price

self.volume=volume

defcalAmount(self):

return{self.stockName+'_Amount':self.price*self.volume}

stockBABA=stock('BABA',180,30000)

print(stockBABA.calAmount())

stockTencent=stock('Tencent',350,20000)

print(stockTencent.calAmount())

stockBIDU=stock('BIDU',230,10000)

print(stockBIDU.calAmount()){'BABA_Amount': 5400000}

{'Tencent_Amount': 7000000}

{'BIDU_Amount': 2300000}

6、 公有/私有变量

# 公有变量名

classstockBABA:

name='BABA'

stockName=stockBABA()

stockName.name'BABA'

# 私有变量名

classstockBABA:

__name='BABA'

stockName=stockBABA()

stockName.__name---------------------------------------------------------------------------

AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)

in ()

3 __name = 'BABA'

4 stockName = stockBABA()

----> 5 stockName.__name

AttributeError: 'stockBABA' object has no attribute '__name'

# 伪私有变量名： _类名__变量名

classstockBABA:

__name='BABA'

stockName=stockBABA()

stockName._stockBABA__name'BABA'