python import引用self_python基础-动态加载lazy_import（利用__import__）

看了一天动态加载，普遍有这么几种方法，总结一下，由简入深，本文仅对查到的栗子们做个引用……省去你们大把查资料的时间＝ ＝

主要思想：把模块(文件)名、类名、方法名当成了变量 然后利用__import__和getattr实现调用。

注意下getattr()和__getattr__区别：

getattr()：getattr(obj, “method”)(args)

__getattr__：调用方法调用不到时，会调用当前类中的__getattr__方法，返回值或AttributeError异常

1、网上大多举栗子都是这么写的= =。。。

#file: lazy_import/module1.py

class A(object):

def aa(self):

print "aa"

def bb(self, i, j):

return i+j

#file: lazy_import/test1.py

#coding=UTF-8

def main():

module_name = "module1"

class_name = "A"

method = "aa"

imp_module = __import__(module_name)

imp_class = getattr(imp_module, class_name)

obj = imp_class()

print "#module:", imp_module

print "#class:", imp_class

print "#obj:", obj

imp_method = getattr(obj, method)

print "#method:", imp_method

imp_method() # call def, 与 imp_method = getattr(obj, method)一起作用，相当于obj.aa()

imp_method_bb = getattr(obj, "bb")

ret = imp_method_bb(1, 2)

print "#ret:", ret

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

python lazy_import/test1.py

#module:

#class:

#obj:

#method: >

aa

#ret: 3

2、还发现另外一个栗子这个博主原创

class LazyImport:

def __init__(self, module_name):

self.module_name = module_name

self.module = None

def __getattr__(self, funcname):

if self.module is None:

self.module = __import__(self.module_name)

print(self.module)

return getattr(self.module, funcname)

a = LazyImport('string')

print(a.lower("WEW")) #'wew'

3、还有这个栗子这个博主原创

#file: lazy_import/module2.py

def test(s, e):

print "in test func...", s, e

class C(object):

def __init__(self, name):

print "in C class init...", name

def cc(self):

print 'in C class cc func'

#file: lazy_import/test2.py

class Dynload(object):

def __init__(self, package):

self.package = package

def getobject(self):

# return __import__(self.package, globals(), locals(), [], -1)

return __import__(self.package) # import module

def get_class_instance(self, class_name, *args):

return getattr(self.getobject(), class_name)(*args)

def get_class_func(self, instance, method, *args):

return getattr(instance, method)(*args)

def get_func(self, method, *args):

return getattr(self.getobject(), method)(*args)

if __name__ == '__main__':

dyn = Dynload('module2')

print "module=", dyn

# module= <__main__.Dynload object at 0x10f450150>

# 是一个Dynload对象

# 直接__import__(module2)时，会返回

dyn.get_func('test', 'Hello', 'function!')

ins = dyn.get_class_instance('C', 'Tom')

dyn.get_class_func(ins, 'cc')