创建oracle数据库
数据库名:mydb
1:复制一个已经存在的数据库目录D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/admin/sample
到D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin目录下,改名为mydb,
将/mydb/pfile/initsmpl.ora删除,因为这个参数文件比较旧,从下面目录中复制
一个参数文件D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora
将改文件放到/mydb/pfile下,改名为initmydb.ora,并设置以下参数:
db_domain=zhiqiao.com.cn
db_name=mydb
instance_name=mydb
control_files=( "D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/control01.ctl", "D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/control02.ctl", "D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl")
background_dump_dest=D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/bdump
core_dump_dest=D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/cdump
user_dump_dest=D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/udump
2:在D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/database中创建数据库启动时直接读取的参数文件
initmydb.ora内容为IFILE='D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
3:使用orapwd命令创建数据库具有SYSDBA权限用户的口令字文件PWDmydb.ora,
该用户可以管理数据库的启动与关闭,其存储目录为:
D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/database
在系统命令行输入如下命令创建口令文件
C:/>orapwd file=D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/database/PWDmydb.ora
password=mydb entries=2
4:通过实例管理命令在服务表里创建一个实例管理服务,设置启动方式为手动
C:/>oradim -NEW -SID mydb -STARTMODE manual
-pfile "d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/prod/pfile/initmydb.ora"
----》奇怪的是服务管理窗口中显示为启动,但关闭出错?
C:/>oradim -SHUTDOWN -SID mydb -USRPWD mydb
ORA-01012: not logged on
----》启动出错
C:/>oradim -STARTUP -SID mydb -USRPWD mydb
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file
'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
-----》因为没创建spfile因此在此指定
C:/>oradim -STARTUP -SID mydb -USRPWD mydb
-PFILE "d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ORA-00205: error in identifying controlfile, check alert log for more info
D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/bdump/alert_mydb.log中显示错误原因
大致意思是找不到控制文件,我想可能应该以nomount方式打开,但oradim没提供这个
选项,于是启动sqlplus。
C:/>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on 星期三 4月 11 10:49:13 2007
http://www.gaodaima.com/31410.html创建Oracle数据库_oracle
Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect /as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
SQL> connect sys/mydb as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
SQL> exit
C:/>set oracle_sid=mydb
C:/>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on 星期三 4月 11 10:50:21 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file 'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
SQL> startup nomount pfile="d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount pfile="d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile/initmydb.ora"
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 171966464 bytes
Fixed Size 787988 bytes
Variable Size 145750508 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 262144 bytes
----》因为每次都要指定pfile不方便,可以创建一个
C:/>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production on 星期三 4月 11 11:02:57 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
create spfile from pfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00113: error when processing file
'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file
'D:/Oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/pfile'
----》上面的错误原因是第二步造成的,其中IFILE="..../initmydb.ora"才行。
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
----》再启动,不用指定pfile了
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
......
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
----》重新启动机器后,orcl数据库总是显示为已启动,mydb为未启动状态
这种情况下orcl其实是一个空闲进程,数据库nomount阶段,mydb则没启动进程,
所要连接到mydb会出现如下错误:
SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
可从服务管理器中启动OracleServicemydb则可以连接了。
----》下面两个操作有点奇怪,我创建的是实例,可使用inst启动不了,需要用srvc
C:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -starttype inst -usrpwd mydb
ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
C:/>oradim -startup -sid mydb -starttype srvc -usrpwd mydb
5:创建数据库
SQL> CREATE DATABASE mydb
2 logfile
3 group 1
4 ('d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo11.log',
5 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo12.log') size 10m,
6 group 2
7 ('d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo21.log',
8 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/redo22.log') size 10m
9 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf' size 100m
10 autoextend on next 10m maxsize unlimited extent management local
11 sysaux datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf' size 50m
12 undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
13 default temporary tablespace temp
14 tempfile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/temp01.dbf' size 10m
15 default tablespace users
16 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf' size 10m
17* character set zhs16gbk
create database mydb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
----》查看alert_mydb.log发现错误出现在创建undotbs1.dbf后,
Wed Apr 11 13:48:19 2007
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS01 DATAFILE 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
ORA-30012 signalled during: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS01 DATAFILE 'd:/ora...
Wed Apr 11 13:48:21 2007
Errors in file d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/udump/mydb_ora_828.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS1' does not exist or of wrong type
----》为什么说UNDOTBS1不存在?查看参数文件,发现这么两行
undo_management=AUTO
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1
----》于是删除刚创建没成功的一些文件,然后修改创建数据库语句重新来
SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
----》这次原本是创建成功了,但我为了记录错误原因,将创建好的数据库文件全部删除又来一次,
然后像下面这样修改,又处错了。
Total System Global Area 171966464 bytes
Fixed Size 787988 bytes
Variable Size 145750508 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 262144 bytes
SQL> l12
12* undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
SQL> c /undotbs01/undotbs1/
12* undo tablespace undotbs1 datafile 'd:/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/mydb/undotbs1.dbf' size 20m
SQL> run
......
create database mydb
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
----》还是这个错误,但错误原因不一样了
Wed Apr 11 13:55:39 2007
Errors in file d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/mydb/udump/mydb_ora_1344.trc:
ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed
ORA-01991: invalid password file 'D:/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/DATABASE/PWDmydb.ORA'
----》显示口令文件不可用,估计与刚才的删除有关,重新创建口令文件吧
见第三步
----》执行创建数据库的语句创建成功。
----》数据库创建后,自动处于OPEN状态,所有V$...都可以查询,但其他则不可,如:
SQL> select * from dba_users;
select * from dba_users
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
----》解决上面的问题的方法是加载常用的数据字典包
SQL>@d:/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
----》使用system用户连接出现的问题
SQL> conn system/zhiqiao
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> conn sys/mydb as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> grant connect to system identified by mydb;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn system/mydb
ERROR:
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PLS-00201: identifier 'DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored
Error accessing package DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO
Connected.
----》出现错误,但连接上了,连接orcl,或者用向导创建时没有这个问题。
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYSTEM"
----》除了数据字典包外,通常还要加载以下包
1:PL/SQL程序包 catproc.sql
2:远程数据复制 catrep.sql
3:java程序包 initjvm.sql
4:系统环境文件,必须以system用户登陆 db_1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
加载PL/SQL程序包时出现很多错误,表或视图不存在,不知道为什么。
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