signature=3d42f8c498e7ac52699020de2a414527,Difference Spectroscopy to Characterize Nanoparticles and...

摘要:

by microwave irradiation (M.I.) method. These nanoparticles were compared to ZnO nanobelts, or long filamen- tous nanostructures, to observe the effects of morphology on the spectral signature. In Fig. 2(A), the synthesized ZnO NP gave an optimal excitation and emission intersect at 350 and 660 nm with an intensity of 263,000 light units. In Fig. 2(B), the commercial ZnO NP yields an identical excitation of 350 nm and emission at 620 nm. The fluorescent intensity of the commercial ZnO NP is twice that of the synthesized ZnO NP at 567,000 light units. In Fig. 2(C), ZnO nanobelts give an optimal excitation and emission intersect of 350 nm and 625 nm with a flu- orescent intensity of 16,400 light units. When graphed comparatively in Fig. 2(D), it becomes evident that the excitation wavelength reflects the materials composition. However, the emission wavelength differs between the two ZnO nanoparticles resulting from differences in surface electronic properties. The fluorescent intensity of the three ZnO nanomaterials differ significantly, revealing that synthesis as well as morphology play largely into optimizing the fluorescent signal of the nanoparticle for detection.Nanoparticles offer a high surface area to volume ratio making them ideal delivery agents and prone to surface functionalization26,27. With such vast applications of creating complex nanocarriers housing multiple molecules, 2D FDS lends itself to confirm complexation through detection of changes in the fluorescent signature. As shown in Fig. 2(B), ZnO NP gives an optimal excitation and emission intersect of 350 nm and 620 nm with a fluorescent intensity of 567,000 light units. This optimal intersect shifts upon ZnO NP binding polymers: glycol chitosan, pol- yacrylic acid (PAA), or methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG). Glycol chitosan is of interest due to its biocompat- ibility and biodegradability, as well as the ability to covalently link biomolecules to the amine groups that derive its backbone28. In the presence of glycol chitosan shown in Fig. 3(A), the spectral signature shifts to 360 nm and 660 nm, respectively. Fluorescent quenching was observed upon interaction with glycol chitosan, diminishing the intensity by over 530,000 light units. PAA has been used to prevent nanoparticle aggregation and serves as a platform to electrostatically load biomolecules29. In the presence of PAA shown in Fig. 3(B), an excitation shift to 330 nm is observed, with the emission wavelength remaining unchanged at 620 nm. Again there is significant flu- orescent quenching indicative of interaction with a difference of 549,000 light units. As a copolymer nanoparticle, mPEG has been used to encapsulate therapeutics, offering a slow release, while maintaining particle stability in vivo30,31. With an even greater decrease in intensity, mPEG shows a shift in excitation to 370 nm and a minor shift in emission to 610 nm in Fig. 3(C). A comparative plot is given in Fig. 3(D) revealing three distinct shifts in the spectral signature of ZnO NP per polymer.Surface functionalization of nanoparticles is not limited to chemicals and synthetic compounds, but rather a large aim of biomedical nanotechnology focuses on the loading of biomolecules including protein, DNA, and RNA onto nanoparticles32-34. Typically RNA cannot be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy without the aid

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