python的回溯和递归_用于使用深度优先搜索和递归回溯算法生成和解决随机可解迷宫的Python脚本...

Maze generator and solver

Python scripts for generating random solvable mazes using the depth-first search and recursive backtracking algorithms. The code also implements a recursive backtracking pathfinding algorithm for solving the generated mazes. Here is an example of a generated maze and its computed solution.

Both the generator and solver algorithm uses recursive backtracking and here an example of the latter can be seen. Cells indicated in light orange are part of the backtracking. The algorithms works by moving randomly from a cell to one of its unvisited neighbours. If the search reaches cell which have no unvisited neighbours, the search backtracks until it moves to a cell with unvisited neighbours. The generator algorithm is heavily inspired by the psuedo code provided by Wikipedia. The main difference between the generator and solver algorithms are in the fact that, when solving the maze, one has to take into account not being able to move through walls. And thus proper pathfinding needs to be implemented. There's also impmeneted an ehnaced version of the solver algorithm which moves not to a random neighbour, but moves to the neighbour that minimizes the distance sqrt(x^2 + y^2) to the exit cell (final destination).

Quick Use Guide

The first step is to install the dependancies by opening the terminal, navigating to the MazeGenerator directory, and running

pip install -r requirements.txt

Next, run the quick_start python example under the examples directory. If this ran without any errors, you should be fine to create your own program. Use the format outlined in quick_start, or use another example as a template.

The process for creating and solving a maze follows.

1. Create a maze manager

2. Add a maze to the manager

3. Solve the maze

4. Optionally visualize the results

An example of using the library with different options is shown below.

from __future__ import absolute_import

from src.maze_manager import MazeManager

from src.maze import Maze

if __name__ == "__main__":

# The easiest way to use the library is through the Manager class. It acts as the glue between

# The visualization, solver, and maze classes. Mazes inside the manager have unique ids that we use

# to specify particular mazes.

manager = MazeManager()

# We can add mazes to the manager two different ways.

# The first way, we specify the maze dimensions. The maze that is created gets returned back to you.

maze = manager.add_maze(10, 10)

# The second way is by creating a maze, and then adding it to the manager. Doing this will require you to add

# from src.maze import Maze

# to your imports. Because the ids need to be unique, the manager will ensure this happens. It may change the

# id of the maze that was passed in, so we assign it to the return value to make sure we're using the updated maze.

maze2 = Maze(10, 10)

maze2 = manager.add_existing_maze(maze2)

# Once we have a maze in the manager, we can tell the manager to solve it with a particular algorithm.

#manager.solve_maze(maze.id, "BreadthFirst")

#manager.solve_maze(maze.id, "BiDirectional")

manager.solve_maze(maze.id, "DepthFirstBacktracker")

# If we want to save the maze & maze solution images along with their animations, we need to let the manager know.

manager.set_filename("myFileName")

# To see the unsolved maze, call

manager.show_maze(maze.id)

# You can also set the size of the cell by passing show_maze's second argument. The default is 1.

# manager.show_maze(maze.id, 2)

# To show an animation of how the maze was generated, use the following line

manager.show_generation_animation(maze.id)

# You can also see an animation of how the solver went about finding the end

manager.show_solution_animation(maze.id)

# Finally, you can show an image of the maze with the solution path overlaid. All of these display

# functions will save the figure if MazeManager::set_filename has been set.

manager.show_solution(maze.id)

Developer's Guide

Source Layout

/src/ Holds the source code (modules) needed to run MazeGenerator.

/tests/ Holds the unit tests that test the code in /src/

/examples/ Example files that demonstrate how to use the library.

Class Overview

TheMaze class. This class provides helper functions to easily manipulate the cells. It can be thought of as being a grid of Cells

The Cell class is used to keep track of walls, and is what makes up the list.

The Visualizer class is responsible for handling the generation, display, and saving of animations and grid images. It can be interacted with directly, or controlled thought the MazeManager class.

The Solve class. All solution methods are derived from this class.

The MazeManager class acts as the glue, bridging the Visualizer, Maze, and Solve classes together.

Adding a new Solution Algorithm

Additional Overhead

Be sure to add it to add the method to quick_start.py. Also create a new example file using the method.

Adding a new Maze Generation Algorithm

Additional Overhead

Be sure to create a new example using the new generation algorithm.

Using the linter

The style guide employed is pycodestyle. To install pycodestyle, navigate to the main directory and run

pip install -r requirements.txt

To check your file run

pycodestyle src/my_file.py.