python简单绘图步骤_python下matplotlib 绘图入门

matplotlib

本文是在ipython notebook上编写，是matplot的学习笔记

对一些常用的图形做一些简单的介绍

包括线图，柱状图，饼图等

作图我还是服ggplot，蛤蛤

In [18]:

直接写代码，先导入相关包

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #导入matplotlib库

import random

random.seed(111)

import numpy as np

%matplotlib inline

In [2]:

first plot 第一个简单的图，随便写些数据

x= [1,2,3]

y=[4,5,2]

x2=[1,2,3]

y2=[10,12,11]

plt.plot(x,y,label="first line")

plt.plot(x2,y2,label="senond")

plt.xlabel("plot num")

plt.ylabel("variance")

plt.title("first graph")

plt.legend()

Out[2]:

In [3]:

bar plot 柱状图

x3= [2,4,6,8,10]

y3=[6,7,5,7,6]

x4=[1,3,5,7,9]

y4=[3,4,7,8,5]

plt.bar(x3,y3,label="first",color="red")

plt.bar(x4,y4,label="senond")

plt.xlabel("x")

plt.ylabel("y")

plt.title("first\n graph")

plt.legend()

Out[3]:

In [4]:

histgram 直方图

population_ages=[25,44,7,11,16,49,33,54,43,22,77,54,33,52,39,44,50,76,88,67,90,72]

bins=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]

plt.hist(population_ages,bins,histtype="bar",rwidth=0.8,alpha=0.4)#rwidth宽度，alpha透明度

plt.xlabel("x")

plt.ylabel("y")

plt.title("age distribution")

plt.legend()

C:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes_axes.py:519: UserWarning: No labelled objects found. Use label='...' kwarg on individual plots. warnings.warn("No labelled objects found. "

In [5]:

散点图sactter

x5= [1,2,3,5,3,8]

y5=[4,5,2,7,6,5]

plt.scatter(x5,y5,label="first",color="g",s=50,marker="*")

​

plt.xlabel("x")

plt.ylabel("y")

plt.title("graph")

plt.legend()

Out[5]:

In [6]:

堆积图stackplot

days=[1,2,3,4,5]

sleeping=[7,8,6,10,7]

eating=[2,3,4,1,2]

working=[9,8,10,11,8]

playing=[6,5,4,2,7]

stackplot不能加Label，但我们可以用其他方法

plt.plot([],[],color="g",label="sleeping",linewidth=5)

plt.plot([],[],color="b",label="eating",linewidth=5)

plt.plot([],[],color="r",label="working",linewidth=5)

plt.plot([],[],color="y",label="playing",linewidth=5)

plt.stackplot(days,sleeping,eating,working,playing,colors=["g","b","r","y"])

plt.xlabel("x")

plt.ylabel("y")

plt.title("graph")

plt.legend()

Out[6]:

In [7]:

饼图pie plot

slices=[7,3,10,5]

activities=["sleeping","eating","working","playing"]

cols=["g","b","r","y"]

plt.pie(slices,labels=activities,colors=cols,startangle=90,labeldistance=1.1,radius=1.2,

autopct="%1.1f%%" ,explode=(0,0.2,0,0),shadow=True)

注意：startangle 角度90，labeldistance label到中心距离，radius图形大小，autopct显示百分比

Out[7]:

([, , , ], [, , , ], [, , , ])

其他参数：

ax1.grid(True,color="g",linestyle="-",linewidth=5) #网格线和参数

plt.subplot_adjust(left=,right,bottom,top,wspace)# 图形距上下左右距离

In [9]:

subplot 在一个图里创建多个子图

import random

想要不同的图片风格,下面这条语句一定要记得

from matplotlib import style

style.use("ggplot")

可以使用不同的style,如著名的fivethirtyeight,还有ggplot,查看style.library，还可以自定义style。吼啊！

fig=plt.figure()

def create_plot():

xs =[]

ys = []

for i in range(10):

x=i

y=random.randrange(10)

xs.append(x)

ys.append(y)

return xs,ys

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211) #subplot ,2高1宽1第几个

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(212)

如果想要上面两个，下面一个，共三个图形，可以

ax1(221),ax2(222),ax3(212)

x,y=create_plot()

ax1.plot(x,y)

x,y=create_plot()

ax2.plot(x,y)

​

Out[9]:

[]

In [10]:

另一种subplot方法

ax3=plt.subplot2grid((6,1),(0,0),rowspan=1,colspan=1)

ax4=plt.subplot2grid((6,1),(1,0),rowspan=4,colspan=1)#还可以

sharex=ax3

ax5=plt.subplot2grid((6,1),(5,0),rowspan=1,colspan=1)

x,y=create_plot()

ax3.plot(x,y)

x,y=create_plot()

ax4.plot(x,y)

x,y=create_plot()

ax5.plot(x,y)

Out[10]:

[]

In [15]:

fill_between 填充颜色到曲线中

from matplotlib import style

style.use("fivethirtyeight")#换个非常著名的fivethirtyeight

a=np.random.randn(100).cumsum()+50

b=np.random.randn(100).cumsum()+50

c=range(100)

fig=plt.figure()

ax6 = fig.add_subplot(211)

ax7 =fig.add_subplot(212)

ax6.plot(c,a)

ax6.plot(c,b)

ax6.fill_between(c,a,b,where=(a

ax6.fill_between(c,a,b,where=(a>b),facecolor='b',edgecolor='k',alpha=0.5)

ax7.plot(c,a-b)

#这样看起来更清楚了

Out[15]:

[]

In [20]:

3d plot 3D绘图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d

fig=plt.figure()

ax01 = fig.add_subplot(111,projection = "3d")

x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

y = [4,3,5,6,2,5,7,6,3]

z = [4,6,7,3,7,4,8,5,4]

ax01.plot_wireframe(x,y,z)

ax01.set_xlabel("x label")

ax01.set_ylabel("y label")

ax01.set_zlabel("x label")

Out[20]:

还有basemap，暂时不做了 matplotlib里面还有很多toolkit,比如seaborn http://matplotlib.org/mpl_toolkits/index.html?highlight=basemap 想找自己喜欢的colors可以到官网 named_colors

matplotlib 2.0 有个新的更好的colormap "viridis",原来的默认colormap真心不漂亮

以上！ 只是做了一点微小的工作