python生成list_python 使用循环生成list

#-*- coding:UTF-8 -*-

squares=[]

for x in range(10):

squares.append(x**2)

print squares

#[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

#等价于

squares=[x**2 for x in range(10)]

print squares

#[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

combs=[]

for x in [1,2,3]:

for y in [3,1,4]:

if x!=y:

combs.append((x,y))

print combs

#等价于：

combs=[(x,y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x!=y]

print combs

#[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]

vec=[-4,-2,0,2,4]

print [x*2 for x in vec]

#[-8, -4, 0, 4, 8]

print 30*'*','print [x for x in vec if x>=0]',30*'*'

print [x for x in vec if x>=0]

#[0, 2, 4]

print [abs(x) for x in vec]

#[4, 2, 0, 2, 4]

freshfruit=[' banana',' apple ','loganberry ','passion fruit ']

#strip() 去除字符串首尾空格

print [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]

#['banana', 'apple', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']

print 30*'*',"[(x,x**2) for x in range(6)]",30*'*'

print [(x,x**2) for x in range(6)]

#[(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25)]

vec=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

print [num for elem in vec for num in elem]

#[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

matrix=[[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]

#list中的每个元素都是list，将list中的每个list元素中的元素按照索引组合成一个新的list

print [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]

#[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]

transposed=[]

for i in range(4):

transposed.append([row[i] for row in matrix])

print transposed

#[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]

#等价于：

transposed=[]

for i in range(4):

transposed_row=[]

for row in matrix:

transposed_row.append(row[i])

transposed.append(transposed_row)

print transposed

#等价于zip(*matrix)

print zip(*matrix)

#[(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]

此外，map()也可以返回list，map()是 Python 内置的高阶函数，它接收一个函数 f 和一个 list，并通过把函数 f 依次作用在 list 的每个元素上，得到一个新的 list 并返回。

#lambda表示匿名函数，冒号前面的x表示函数参数,冒号后面是表达式,匿名函数有个限制，就是只能有一个表达式，不用写return，返回值就是该表达式的结果

squares=map(lambda x:x**2,range(10))

print squares

#[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]