python获取windows窗口_如何在python中使用ctypes获取Windows窗口名称

您正在将进程ID传递给带有窗口句柄的函数。您要做的是枚举顶级窗口的句柄，然后将每个窗口映射到进程ID。

首先，我们定义ctypes函数原型，以便对函数参数进行正确的类型检查。此外，用于use_last_error=True通过最安全的错误处理ctypes.get_last_error。许多Windows函数返回0表示错误，因此errcheck在这种情况下使用单个函数很方便，例如check_zero。from __future__ import print_function

import ctypes

from ctypes import wintypes

from collections import namedtuple

user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)

def check_zero(result, func, args):

if not result:

err = ctypes.get_last_error()

if err:

raise ctypes.WinError(err)

return args

if not hasattr(wintypes, 'LPDWORD'): # PY2

wintypes.LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)

WindowInfo = namedtuple('WindowInfo', 'pid title')

WNDENUMPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(

wintypes.BOOL,

wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd

wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParam

user32.EnumWindows.errcheck = check_zero

user32.EnumWindows.argtypes = (

WNDENUMPROC, # _In_ lpEnumFunc

wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParam

user32.IsWindowVisible.argtypes = (

wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnd

user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.restype = wintypes.DWORD

user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.argtypes = (

wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd

wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_opt_ lpdwProcessId

user32.GetWindowTextLengthW.errcheck = check_zero

user32.GetWindowTextLengthW.argtypes = (

wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnd

user32.GetWindowTextW.errcheck = check_zero

user32.GetWindowTextW.argtypes = (

wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd

wintypes.LPWSTR, # _Out_ lpString

ctypes.c_int,) # _In_ nMaxCount

这是列出可见窗口的功能。它使用一个回调，result而不是使用可选lParam参数。后者需要提出论证。使用闭包更简单。def list_windows():

'''Return a sorted list of visible windows.'''

result = []

@WNDENUMPROC

def enum_proc(hWnd, lParam):

if user32.IsWindowVisible(hWnd):

pid = wintypes.DWORD()

tid = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(

hWnd, ctypes.byref(pid))

length = user32.GetWindowTextLengthW(hWnd) + 1

title = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(length)

user32.GetWindowTextW(hWnd, title, length)

result.append(WindowInfo(pid.value, title.value))

return True

user32.EnumWindows(enum_proc, 0)

return sorted(result)

为了完整性，这里列出了所有进程ID的功能。这包括属于其他Windows会话的进程（例如，会话0中的服务）。psapi = ctypes.WinDLL('psapi', use_last_error=True)

psapi.EnumProcesses.errcheck = check_zero

psapi.EnumProcesses.argtypes = (

wintypes.LPDWORD, # _Out_ pProcessIds

wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ cb

wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_ pBytesReturned

def list_pids():

'''Return sorted list of process IDs.'''

length = 4096

PID_SIZE = ctypes.sizeof(wintypes.DWORD)

while True:

pids = (wintypes.DWORD * length)()

cb = ctypes.sizeof(pids)

cbret = wintypes.DWORD()

psapi.EnumProcesses(pids, cb, ctypes.byref(cbret))

if cbret.value < cb:

length = cbret.value // PID_SIZE

return sorted(pids[:length])

length *= 2

例如：if __name__ == '__main__':

print('Process IDs:')

print(*list_pids(), sep='\n')

print('\nWindows:')

print(*list_windows(), sep='\n')