怎样配置实时linux调度规则,[crontab]linux下简单的调度配置及使用

介绍

虽然在几篇博客之前介绍了Dagobah这个调度框架，不过对于一些固定调度，很稳定的那种，可以考虑使用linux内置调度器，crontab ,这是系统内置的，相当稳定 ，不用人工干预

优点

可以实现不同的用户调度不同的东西，cron 表达式功能强大，很容易写出符合你需求的周期表达式

使用

登录后直接使用crontab -e 这个时候会要你选一个编辑器，对于我来说vim够用了，然后我们来看看crontab 的里面的内容

# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.

#

# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line

# indicating with different fields when the task will be run

# and what command to run for the task

#

# To define the time you can provide concrete values for

# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),

# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#

# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system

# daemon's notion of time and timezones.

#

# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through

# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).

#

# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts

# at 5 a.m every week with:

# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/

#

# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)

#

# m h dom mon dow command

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.

#

# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line

# indicating with different fields when the task will be run

# and what command to run for the task

#

# To define the time you can provide concrete values for

# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),

# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#

# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system

# daemon's notion of time and timezones.

#

# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through

# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).

#

# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts

# at 5 a.m every week with:

# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/

#

# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)

#

# m h  dom mon dow   command

都是一些介绍和例子，以及解释说明的 ，注意crontab是使用cron表达式，所以你必须了解一些基本的语法，比如我要每隔一分钟运行一个命令

*/1 * * * * echo hello >> ~/echo.log

1

2

*/1****echohello>>~/echo.log

写好之后保存，就可以正常使用了 ，这样就会每隔一分钟写入到echo.log文件，相当方便

脚本

如果你有一些其它的task,尽量都写成脚本，另外，脚本的权限一定要是可执行的，以定时run一个echo.sh 为例子

*/1 * * * * /root/echo.sh

1

2

*/1****/root/echo.sh

另外还要将echo.sh文件更新权限(这个坑会坑到很多人，包括我，后来在日志里面也没有反应出来)

chmod +x /root/echo.sh

1

2

chmod+x/root/echo.sh

还有一个是写完之后记得重启一下service

service cron restart

1

2

servicecronrestart

日志

日志存在 /var/log/syslog ，每次调度你都会看到，不过这个日志略坑，没有失败的相关信息，还得自己猜

参考

http://askubuntu.com/questions/350861/how-to-set-a-cron-job-to-run-a-shell-script

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CronHowto