resultMap 元素是MyBatis 中最重要最强大的元素。它可以让你从 90% 的 JDBC ResultSets 数据提取代码中解放出来,并在一些情形下允许你进行一些 JDBC 不支持的操作。实际上,在为一些比如连接的复杂语句编写映射代码的时候,一份 resultMap 能够代替实现同等功能的数千行代码。ResultMap 的设计思想是,对简单的语句做到零配置,对于复杂一点的语句,只需要描述语句之间的关系就行了。
需要了解的知识点
在关系型数据库中,多表之间存在着三种关联关系,分别为一对一、一对多和多对多
一对一:在本类中定义对方类型的对象,如Person类中定义Card类类型的属性card,Card类中定义Person类类型的属性person;(双向一对一)
一对多:一个Employee类类型对应多个Role类类型的情况,需要在Employee类中以集合的方式引入Role类类型的对象,在Role类中定义Employee类类型的属性employee;
多对多:在Role类中定义AuthorMenu类类型的集合,在AuthorMenu类中定义Role类类型的集合。
关联查询:一对一
1、创建实体
Person.java
public class Person { private Integer id; //ID private String name; //名字 private String sex; //性别 private Integer age; //年龄 private Integer card_id; //身份证ID private Card card; //身份证 //.....此处省略了set 与get }
Card.java
public class Card { private Integer id; //ID private String card_number; //身份证号码 //.....此处省略了set 与get}
2、创建PersonMapper接口
public interface PersonMapper { /** * 根据id查询个人信息 * @param id * @return */ Person queryPersonById(Integer id);}
3、创建SQL映射的XML文件
PersonMapper.xml
select * from person as p,card as c where p.card_id = c.id and p.id = #{id}
4、测试
OneToOneTest.java
OneToOneTestpublic class OneToOneTest { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory; SqlSession sqlSession; @Before public void before() throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); } @Test public void oneToOneTest(){ PersonMapper personMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(PersonMapper.class); Person person = personMapper.queryPersonById(1); System.out.println(person.getCard().getCard_number()); }}
关联查询:一对多
1、创建实体
Employee.java
public class Employee { private Long employee_id; private String employee_name; private String employee_sex; private Long dept_no; private Long role_id; private Long status; private Timestamp last_up_time; //一个对应多种角色 private List roleList; //.....此处省略了set 与get}
Role.java
public class Role { private Long role_id; private String role_name; private Long dept_no; private String role_desc; //一个角色对应一个员工 private Employee employee; //.....此处省略了set 与get}
2、创建EmployeeMapper接口
public interface EmployeeMapper { /** * 根据员工姓名查询此员工信息 * @param employee_name * @return */ Employee queryEmployeeByName(@Param("employee_name") String employee_name);}
3、创建SQL映射的XML文件
EmployeeMapper.xml
select * from employee as e,role as r where e.role_id = r.role_id and employee_name = #{employee_name}
4、测试
OneToManyTest.java
public class OneToManyTest { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory; SqlSession sqlSession; @Before public void before() throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); } @Test public void oneToOneTest(){ EmployeeMapper employeeMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); Employee employee = employeeMapper.queryEmployeeByName("huazi"); System.out.println(employee.getEmployee_name()); for (Role role:employee.getRoleList()){ System.out.println(role.getRole_name()); } }}
关联查询:多对多
1、创建实体
Role.java
public class Role { private Long role_id; private String role_name; private Long dept_no; private String role_desc; //一个角色对应多个权限 private List author_menuList; //.....此处省略了set 与get}
Author_Menu.java
public class Author_Menu { private Long author_menu_id; private String author_menu_name; private String author_menu_url; private Long author_menu_status; private Long author_menu_parent_id; //一个权限对应多个角色 private List roleList; //.....此处省略了set 与get}
2、创建RoleMapper接口
public interface RoleMapper { /** * 根据角色名称查询拥有的权限 * @param role_name * @return */ Role queryAuthorMenuByRoleName(@Param("role_name") String role_name);}
3、创建SQL映射的XML文件
RoleMapper.xml
select r.*,a.* from role as r,author_menu as a,role_author_menu as ra where r.role_id = ra.role_id and ra.author_menu_id = a.author_menu_id and r.role_name = #{role_name}
4、测试
ManyToManyTest.java
public class ManyToManyTest { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory; SqlSession sqlSession; @Before public void before() throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); } @Test public void oneToOneTest(){ RoleMapper roleMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(RoleMapper.class); Role role = roleMapper.queryAuthorMenuByRoleName("董事长"); System.out.println(role.getRole_name()); for (Author_Menu author_menu:role.getAuthor_menuList()){ System.out.println(author_menu.getAuthor_menu_name()); } }}
MyBatis 创建时的一个思想是:数据库不可能永远是你所想或所需的那个样子。 我们希望每个数据库都具备良好的第三范式或 BCNF 范式,可惜它们并不都是那样。 如果能有一种数据库映射模式,完美适配所有的应用程序,那就太好了,但可惜也没有。 而 ResultMap 就是 MyBatis 对这个问题的答案。
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