python的自带数据集_python自带数据集

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作者：monitor1379

原文链接：https://jianshu/p/84f72791806f

正文共948个字（不含代码），2张图，预计阅读时间15分钟。

前言

最近在学习Keras，要使用到LeCun大神的MNIST手写数字数据集，直接从官网上下载了4个压缩包：

MNIST数据集

解压后发现里面每个压缩包里有一个idx-ubyte文件，没有图片文件在里面。回去仔细看了一下官网后发现原来这是IDX文件格式，是一种用来存储向量与多维度矩阵的文件格式。

IDX文件格式

官网上的介绍如下:

THE IDX FILE FORMAT

the IDX file format is a simple format for vectors and multidimensional matrices of various numerical types.

The basic format is

1magic number

2size in dimension 0

3size in dimension 1

4size in dimension 2

5.....6size in dimension N7data

The magic number is an integer (MSB first). The first 2 bytes are always 0.

The third byte codes the type of the data:

10x08: unsigned byte20x09: signed byte30x0B: short (2 bytes)40x0C: int (4 bytes)50x0D: float (4 bytes)60x0E: double (8 bytes)

The 4-th byte codes the number of dimensions of the vector/matrix: 1 for vectors, 2 for matrices....

The sizes in each dimension are 4-byte integers (MSB first, high endian, like in most non-Intel processors).

The data is stored like in a C array, i.e. the index in the last dimension changes the fastest.

解析脚本

根据以上解析规则，我使用了Python里的struct模块对文件进行读写（如果不熟悉struct模块的可以看我的另一篇博客文章《Python中对字节流/二进制流的操作:struct模块简易使用教程》）。IDX文件的解析通用接口如下：

1# 解析idx1格式

2defdecode_idx1_ubyte(idx1_ubyte_file):

3"""

4解析idx1文件的通用函数

5:param idx1_ubyte_file: idx1文件路径

6:return: np.array类型对象

7"""

8return data

9defdecode_idx3_ubyte(idx3_ubyte_file):

10"""

11解析idx3文件的通用函数

12:param idx3_ubyte_file: idx3文件路径

13:return: np.array类型对象

14"""

15return data

针对MNIST数据集的解析脚本如下：

1# encoding: utf-8

2"""

3@author: monitor1379

4@contact: yy4f5da2@hotmail

5@site: monitor1379

6@version: 1.0

7@license: Apache Licence

8@file: mnist_decoder.py

9@time: 2016/8/16 20:03

10对MNIST手写数字数据文件转换为bmp图片文件格式。

11数据集下载地址为http://yann.lecun/exdb/mnist。

12相关格式转换见官网以及代码注释。

13========================

14关于IDX文件格式的解析规则：

15========================

16THE IDX FILE FORMAT

17the IDX file format is a simple format for vectors and multidimensional matrices of various numerical types.

18The basic format is

19magic number

20size in dimension 0

21size in dimension 1

22size in dimension 2

23.....

24size in dimension N

25data

26The magic number is an integer (MSB first). The first 2 bytes are always 0.

27The third byte codes the type of the data:

280x08: unsigned byte

290x09: signed byte

300x0B: short (2 bytes)

310x0C: int (4 bytes)

320x0D: float (4 bytes)

330x0E: double (8 bytes)

34The 4-th byte codes the number of dimensions of the vector/matrix: 1 for vectors, 2 for matrices....

35The sizes in each dimension are 4-byte integers (MSB first, high endian, like in most non-Intel processors).

36The data is stored like in a C array, i.e. the index in the last dimension changes the fastest.

37"""

38import numpy as np

39import struct

40import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

41# 训练集文件

42train_images_idx3_ubyte_file = '../../data/mnist/bin/train-images.idx3-ubyte'

43# 训练集标签文件

44train_labels_idx1_ubyte_file = '../../data/mnist/bin/train-labels.idx1-ubyte'

45# 测试集文件

46test_images_idx3_ubyte_file = '../../data/mnist/bin/t10k-images.idx3-ubyte'

47# 测试集标签文件

48test_labels_idx1_ubyte_file = '../../data/mnist/bin/t10k-labels.idx1-ubyte'

49defdecode_idx3_ubyte(idx3_ubyte_file):

50"""

51解析idx3文件的通用函数

52:param idx3_ubyte_file: idx3文件路径

53:return: 数据集

54"""

55# 读取二进制数据

56bin_data = open(idx3_ubyte_file, 'rb').read()

57# 解析文件头信息，依次为魔数、图片数量、每张图片高、每张图片宽

58offset = 0

59fmt_header = '>iiii'

60magic_number, num_images, num_rows, num_cols = struct.unpack_from(fmt_header, bin_data, offset)

61print'魔数:%d, 图片数量: %d张, 图片大小: %d*%d' % (magic_number, num_images, num_rows, num_cols)

62# 解析数据集

63image_size = num_rows * num_cols

64offset += struct.calcsize(fmt_header)

65fmt_image = '>' + str(image_size) + 'B'

66images = np.empty((num_images, num_rows, num_cols))

67for i in range(num_images):

68if (i + 1) % 10000 == 0:

69print'已解析 %d' % (i + 1) + '张'

70images[i] = np.array(struct.unpack_from(fmt_image, bin_data, offset)).reshape((num_rows, num_cols))

71offset += struct.calcsize(fmt_image)

72return images

73defdecode_idx1_ubyte(idx1_ubyte_file):

74"""

75解析idx1文件的通用函数

76:param idx1_ubyte_file: idx1文件路径

77:return: 数据集

78"""

79# 读取二进制数据

80bin_data = open(idx1_ubyte_file, 'rb').read()

81# 解析文件头信息，依次为魔数和标签数

82offset = 0

83fmt_header = '>ii'

84magic_number, num_images = struct.unpack_from(fmt_header, bin_data, offset)

85print'魔数:%d, 图片数量: %d张' % (magic_number, num_images)

86# 解析数据集

87offset += struct.calcsize(fmt_header)

88fmt_image = '>B'

89labels = np.empty(num_images)

90for i in range(num_images):

91if (i + 1) % 10000 == 0:

92print'已解析 %d' % (i + 1) + '张'

93labels[i] = struct.unpack_from(fmt_image, bin_data, offset)[0]

94offset += struct.calcsize(fmt_image)

95return labels

96defload_train_images(idx_ubyte_file=train_images_idx3_ubyte_file):

97"""

98TRAINING SET IMAGE FILE (train-images-idx3-ubyte):

99[offset] [type] [value] [description]

1000000 32 bit integer 0x00000803(2051) magic number

1010004 32 bit integer 60000 number of images

1020008 32 bit integer 28 number of rows

103 0012 32 bit integer 28 number of columns

104 0016 unsigned byte ?? pixel

105 0017 unsigned byte ?? pixel

106 ........

107 xxxx unsigned byte ?? pixel

108 Pixels are organized row-wise. Pixel values are 0 to 255. 0 means background (white), 255 means foreground (black).

109 :param idx_ubyte_file: idx文件路径

110 :return: n*row*col维np.array对象，n为图片数量

111 """

112return decode_idx3_ubyte(idx_ubyte_file)

113defload_train_labels(idx_ubyte_file=train_labels_idx1_ubyte_file):

114"""

115 TRAINING SET LABEL FILE (train-labels-idx1-ubyte):

116 [offset] [type] [value] [description]

117 0000 32 bit integer 0x00000801(2049) magic number (MSB first)

118 0004 32 bit integer 60000 number of items

119 0008 unsigned byte ?? label

120 0009 unsigned byte ?? label

121 ........

122 xxxx unsigned byte ?? label

123 The labels values are 0 to 9.

124 :param idx_ubyte_file: idx文件路径

125 :return: n*1维np.array对象，n为图片数量

126 """

127return decode_idx1_ubyte(idx_ubyte_file)

128defload_test_images(idx_ubyte_file=test_images_idx3_ubyte_file):

129"""

130 TEST SET IMAGE FILE (t10k-images-idx3-ubyte):

131 [offset] [type] [value] [description]

132 0000 32 bit integer 0x00000803(2051) magic number

133 0004 32 bit integer 10000 number of images

134 0008 32 bit integer 28 number of rows

135 0012 32 bit integer 28 number of columns

136 0016 unsigned byte ?? pixel

137 0017 unsigned byte ?? pixel

138 ........

139 xxxx unsigned byte ?? pixel

140 Pixels are organized row-wise. Pixel values are 0 to 255. 0 means background (white), 255 means foreground (black).

141 :param idx_ubyte_file: idx文件路径

142 :return: n*row*col维np.array对象，n为图片数量

143 """

144return decode_idx3_ubyte(idx_ubyte_file)

145defload_test_labels(idx_ubyte_file=test_labels_idx1_ubyte_file):

146"""

147 TEST SET LABEL FILE (t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte):

148 [offset] [type] [value] [description]

149 0000 32 bit integer 0x00000801(2049) magic number (MSB first)

150 0004 32 bit integer 10000 number of items

151 0008 unsigned byte ?? label

152 0009 unsigned byte ?? label

153 ........

154 xxxx unsigned byte ?? label

155 The labels values are 0 to 9.

156 :param idx_ubyte_file: idx文件路径

157 :return: n*1维np.array对象，n为图片数量

158 """

159return decode_idx1_ubyte(idx_ubyte_file)

160defrun():

161 train_images = load_train_images()

162 train_labels = load_train_labels()

163# test_images = load_test_images()

164# test_labels = load_test_labels()

165# 查看前十个数据及其标签以读取是否正确

166for i in range(10):

167print train_labels[i]

168plt.imshow(train_images[i], cmap='gray')

169plt.show()

170print'done'

171if __name__ == '__main__':

172run()

原文链接：https://jianshu/p/84f72791806f