python绘制散点图、线性_【python常用图件绘制#01】线性拟合结果图

一、功能介绍

输入：实测x、y数据

输出：必选：x、y散点图

必选：x、y线性拟合直线

可选：相关性、显著性分析结果显示1-1

1-2

二、代码2-1

import random

from scipy import stats

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import seaborn as sns

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

class Linearfitplot:

def __init__(self, x, y, legends=None, labels=None, fsize=(8, 8), show_info=1):

"""

:param x: 数据x列表

:param y: 数据y列表

:param legends: 图例名，默认为 "线性拟合结果", "实测值"

:param labels:坐标轴标题名，默认为 "数据x", "数据y"

:param show_info:是否显示拟合结果信息

"""

if legends is None:

legends = ["线性拟合结果", "实测值"]

if labels is None:

labels = ["数据x", "数据y"]

self.x = x

self.y = y

self.fsize = fsize

self.legends = legends

self.labels = labels

self.show_info = show_info

def change_legend(self, new_legends):

self.legends = new_legends

def change_label(self, new_labels):

self.labels = new_labels

def rsquared(self, show_info_or_not=0):

"""

:param show_info_or_not: 布尔类型，当其为真时显示信息

:param x:x数据序列

:param y:y数据序列

:return:

r: 相关系数

p：显著性

slope：曲线斜率

intercept:截距

"""

ws = 3  # 各参数保留的小数位数

check_p = "不显著"

slope, intercept, *useless = stats.linregress(self.x, self.y)

r, p = stats.pearsonr(self.x, self.y)

if p <= 0.01:

check_p = "非常显著**"

elif p <= 0.05:

check_p = "显著*"

slope, intercept, r, p = round(slope, ws), round(intercept, ws), round(r, ws), round(p, ws)

info = "y = {0}x + {1}\nr-square = {2}\np：{3}；{4}".format(slope, intercept, round(r**2, ws), p, check_p)

if show_info_or_not:

return info

else:

return slope, intercept, r, p

def draw_plot(self, *args):

"""

绘制图像，包含散点图和拟合线

:param args:

:return:

"""

# 设置画布大小

plt.figure(figsize=self.fsize)

# 生成df

x_name, y_name = "x", "y"

dict_data = {"x": self.x,

"y": self.y

}

df = pd.DataFrame(dict_data)

# 计算并绘制拟合曲线

z1 = np.polyfit(x_data, y_data, 1)

p1 = np.poly1d(z1)  # 将系数代入方程，得到函式p1

yvals_data = p1(df[x_name])

# 绘制曲线

sns.set_style("darkgrid")

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 显示中文

sns.set_context("talk", font_scale=1)

sns.lineplot(x_data, yvals_data, color="r", lw=1, label=self.legends[0])

sns.scatterplot(x=x_name, y=y_name, data=df, *args, label=self.legends[1])

plt.xlabel(self.labels[0])

plt.ylabel(self.labels[1])

info_show = self.rsquared(self.show_info)

plt.text(self.fsize[0] * 0.6, self.fsize[0] * 0.1, info_show, size=self.fsize[0] * 1.8)

plt.tight_layout()

plt.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":

len_data = 10  # 测试数据序列的长度

x_data = list(range(len_data))  # x轴数据序列

y_data = [i*2+1+random.uniform(0, 1) for i in x_data]

plot1 = Linearfitplot(x_data, y_data, fsize=(10, 6.18))

plot1.draw_plot()