python精确控制循环时间继电器_在Python中循环计时不准确

你看到的问题是因为你的代码每次在循环中使用实时时间来开始每个延迟持续一段时间 – 因此,由于操作系统多任务处理而花费在不定时代码和抖动上的时间会累积,从而将整个周期缩短到低于你想实现.

为了大大提高定时精度,请使用每个循环“应该”在应该启动后的周期(1 / sample_rate)完成的事实 – 并将开始时间保持为绝对计算而不是实时,并等到绝对开始时间之后的时间段,然后时间没有漂移.

我把你的时间安排到timing_orig和修改后的代码中,使用绝对时间进入timing_new – 结果如下.

import time

def timing_orig(ratehz,timefun=time.clock):

count=0

while True:

sample_rate=ratehz

time_start=timefun()

count+=1

while (timefun()-time_start) < (1.0/sample_rate):

pass

if count == ratehz:

break

def timing_new(ratehz,timefun=time.clock):

count=0

delta = (1.0/ratehz)

# record the start of the sequence of timed periods

time_start=timefun()

while True:

count+=1

# this period ends delta from "now" (now is the time_start PLUS a number of deltas)

time_next = time_start+delta

# wait until the end time has passed

while timefun()

pass

# calculate the idealised "now" as delta from the start of this period

time_start = time_next

if count == ratehz:

break

def timing(functotime,ratehz,ntimes,timefun=time.clock):

starttime = timefun()

for n in range(int(ntimes)):

functotime(ratehz,timefun)

endtime = timefun()

# print endtime-starttime

return ratehz*ntimes/(endtime-starttime)

if __name__=='__main__':

print "new 5000",timing(timing_new,5000.0,10.0)

print "old 5000",timing(timing_orig,5000.0,10.0)

print "new 10000",timing(timing_new,10000.0,10.0)

print "old 10000",timing(timing_orig,10000.0,10.0)

print "new 50000",timing(timing_new,50000.0,10.0)

print "old 50000",timing(timing_orig,50000.0,10.0)

print "new 100000",timing(timing_new,100000.0,10.0)

print "old 100000",timing(timing_orig,100000.0,10.0)

结果：

new 5000 4999.96331002

old 5000 4991.73952992

new 10000 9999.92662005

old 10000 9956.9314274

new 50000 49999.6477761

old 50000 49591.6104893

new 100000 99999.2172809

old 100000 94841.227219

注意我没有使用time.sleep(),因为它引入了太多的抖动.此外,请注意,即使这个最小的示例在我的Windows笔记本电脑上显示非常精确的时序甚至高达100khz,如果您将更多代码放入循环中而不是执行时间,则时间将相应地变慢.

道歉我使用Python 2.7,它没有非常方便的time.perf_counter()函数 – 为每个对timing()的调用添加一个额外的参数timefun = time.perf_counter()