一 算法简介
程序在思路上采用了广度优先算法,对未遍历过的链接逐次发起GET请求,然后对返回来的页面用正则表达式进行解析,取出其中未被发现的新链接,加入集合中,待下一次循环时遍历。
具体实现上使用了Map
二 程序实现
上面相关思路已经说得很清楚了,并且代码中关键地方有注释,因此这里就不多说了,代码如下:package action;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class WebCrawlerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebCrawlerDemo webCrawlerDemo = new WebCrawlerDemo();
webCrawlerDemo.myPrint("http://www.zifangsky.cn");
}
public void myPrint(String baseUrl) {
Map oldMap = new LinkedHashMap(); // 存储链接-是否被遍历
// 键值对
String oldLinkHost = ""; //host
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("(https?://)?[^/\\s]*"); //比如:http://www.zifangsky.cn
Matcher m = p.matcher(baseUrl);
if (m.find()) {
oldLinkHost = m.group();
}
oldMap.put(baseUrl, false);
oldMap = crawlLinks(oldLinkHost, oldMap);
for (Map.Entry mapping : oldMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println("链接:" + mapping.getKey());
}
}
/**
* 抓取一个网站所有可以抓取的网页链接,在思路上使用了广度优先算法
* 对未遍历过的新链接不断发起GET请求,一直到遍历完整个集合都没能发现新的链接
* 则表示不能发现新的链接了,任务结束
*
* @param oldLinkHost 域名,如:http://www.zifangsky.cn
* @param oldMap 待遍历的链接集合
*
* @return 返回所有抓取到的链接集合
* */
private Map crawlLinks(String oldLinkHost,
Map oldMap) {
Map newMap = new LinkedHashMap();
String oldLink = "";
for (Map.Entry mapping : oldMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println("link:" + mapping.getKey() + "--------check:"
+ mapping.getValue());
// 如果没有被遍历过
if (!mapping.getValue()) {
oldLink = mapping.getKey();
// 发起GET请求
try {
URL url = new URL(oldLink);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url
.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setConnectTimeout(2000);
connection.setReadTimeout(2000);
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
String line = "";
Pattern pattern = Pattern
.compile("(.+)");
Matcher matcher = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
matcher = pattern.matcher(line);
if (matcher.find()) {
String newLink = matcher.group(1).trim(); // 链接
// String title = matcher.group(3).trim(); //标题
// 判断获取到的链接是否以http开头
if (!newLink.startsWith("http")) {
if (newLink.startsWith("/"))
newLink = oldLinkHost + newLink;
else
newLink = oldLinkHost + "/" + newLink;
}
//去除链接末尾的 /
if(newLink.endsWith("/"))
newLink = newLink.substring(0, newLink.length() - 1);
//去重,并且丢弃其他网站的链接
if (!oldMap.containsKey(newLink)
&& !newMap.containsKey(newLink)
&& newLink.startsWith(oldLinkHost)) {
// System.out.println("temp2: " + newLink);
newMap.put(newLink, false);
}
}
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
oldMap.replace(oldLink, false, true);
}
}
//有新链接,继续遍历
if (!newMap.isEmpty()) {
oldMap.putAll(newMap);
oldMap.putAll(crawlLinks(oldLinkHost, oldMap)); //由于Map的特性,不会导致出现重复的键值对
}
return oldMap;
}
}
三 最后的测试效果
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