kafka数据 落盘_Kafka消息的磁盘存储

发送到Kafka的消息最终都是要落盘存储到磁盘上;

本章涉及到的类:

OffsetIndex;

LogSegment;

OffsetIndex类所在文件: core/src/main/scala/kafka/log/OffsetIndex.scala

作用: 我们知道所有发送到kafka的消息都是以Record的结构(Kafka中Message存储相关类大揭密)写入到本地文件, 有写就要有读,读取时一般是从给定的offset开始读取,这个offset是逻辑offset, 需要转换成文件的实际偏移量, 为了加速这个转换, kafka针对每个log文件,提供了index文件, index文件采用稀疏索引的方式, 只记录部分log offset到file position的转换, 然后还需要在log文件中进行少量的顺序遍历, 来精确定位到需要的Record;

index文件结构: 文件里存的是一条条的log offset与file position的映射, 每条记录8个字节,前4个字节是log offset, 后4个字节是file position, 这样的每一条映射信息我们可以称为是一个slot

读写方式: 为了加速index文件的读写, 采用了文件内存映射的方式:

/* initialize the memory mapping for this index */

private var mmap: MappedByteBuffer =

{

val newlyCreated = file.createNewFile()

val raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw")

try {

/* pre-allocate the file if necessary */

if(newlyCreated) {

if(maxIndexSize < 8)

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid max index size: " + maxIndexSize)

raf.setLength(roundToExactMultiple(maxIndexSize, 8))

}

/* memory-map the file */

val len = raf.length()

val idx = raf.getChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, len)

/* set the position in the index for the next entry */

if(newlyCreated)

idx.position(0)

else

// if this is a pre-existing index, assume it is all valid and set position to last entry

idx.position(roundToExactMultiple(idx.limit, 8))

idx

} finally {

CoreUtils.swallow(raf.close())

}

}主要方法:

def lookup(targetOffset: Long): OffsetPosition: 查找小于或等于targetOffset的最大Offset;

maybeLock(lock) {

val idx = mmap.duplicate

val slot = indexSlotFor(idx, targetOffset)

if(slot == -1)

OffsetPosition(baseOffset, 0)

else

OffsetPosition(baseOffset + relativeOffset(idx, slot), physical(idx, slot))

}private def indexSlotFor(idx: ByteBuffer, targetOffset: Long): Int:采用二分法查找到对于targetOffset在index文件中的slot

// binary search for the entry 二分查找法

var lo = 0

var hi = entries-1

while(lo < hi) {

val mid = ceil(hi/2.0 + lo/2.0).toInt

val found = relativeOffset(idx, mid)

if(found == relOffset)

return mid

else if(found < relOffset)

lo = mid

else

hi = mid - 1

}def append(offset: Long, position: Int): 向index文件中追加一个offset/location的映射信息

def truncateTo(offset: Long): 按给定的offset,找到对应的slot, 然后截断

def resize(newSize: Int): 重新设置index文件size, 但保持当前mmap的position不变

inLock(lock) {

val raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw")

val roundedNewSize = roundToExactMultiple(newSize, 8)

val position = this.mmap.position

/* Windows won't let us modify the file length while the file is mmapped :-( */

if(Os.isWindows)

forceUnmap(this.mmap)

try {

raf.setLength(roundedNewSize)

this.mmap = raf.getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, roundedNewSize)

this.maxEntries = this.mmap.limit / 8

this.mmap.position(position)

} finally {

CoreUtils.swallow(raf.close())

}

}有意思的一件事: 上面我们说过这个index文件的读取是使用了内存文件映射MappedByteBuffer, 然后并没有找到相应的unmap(实际上是没有这方法)的调用, 这个会不会有问题呢?遇到google了一下, 果然有发现: Long GC pause harming broker performance which is caused by mmap objects created for OffsetIndex, 在实际应用中确实遇到了这样的问题,一直没搞明白为什么IO会升高.

LogSegment所在文件: core/src/main/scala/kafka/log/LogSegment.scala

作用: 封装对消息落地后的log和index文件的所有操作

类定义:

class LogSegment(val log: FileMessageSet,

val index: OffsetIndex,

val baseOffset: Long,

val indexIntervalBytes: Int,

val rollJitterMs: Long,

time: Time) extends Loggin

可以看到使用FileMessageSet来操作Log文件, 使用OffsetIndex来操作Index文件 - 主要方法: 1. def size: Long = log.sizeInBytes() : 返回当前log文件的大小 2. def append(offset: Long, messages: ByteBufferMessageSet):追加msg到log文件尾部,必要时更新index文件

if (messages.sizeInBytes > 0) {

// append an entry to the index (if needed)

// index采用的是稀疏索引, 所以先判断是否需要写入

if(bytesSinceLastIndexEntry > indexIntervalBytes) {

index.append(offset, log.sizeInBytes())

this.bytesSinceLastIndexEntry = 0

}

// append the messages

log.append(messages) //追加msg到log文件尾部

this.bytesSinceLastIndexEntry += messages.sizeInBytes

}def read(startOffset: Long, maxOffset: Option[Long], maxSize: Int, maxPosition: Long = size): FetchDataInfo: 根据给定的offset信息等读取相应的msg 和offset信息,构成FetchDataInfo返回

val offsetMetadata = new LogOffsetMetadata(startOffset, this.baseOffset, startPosition.position)

// if the size is zero, still return a log segment but with zero size

if(maxSize == 0)

return FetchDataInfo(offsetMetadata, MessageSet.Empty)

// calculate the length of the message set to read based on whether or not they gave us a maxOffset

val length =

maxOffset match {

case None =>

// no max offset, just read until the max position

min((maxPosition - startPosition.position).toInt, maxSize)

case Some(offset) => {

// there is a max offset, translate it to a file position and use that to calculate the max read size

if(offset < startOffset)

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempt to read with a maximum offset (%d) less than the start offset (%d).".format(offset, startOffset))

val mapping = translateOffset(offset, startPosition.position)

val endPosition =

if(mapping == null)

logSize // the max offset is off the end of the log, use the end of the file

else

mapping.position

min(min(maxPosition, endPosition) - startPosition.position, maxSize).toInt

}

}

FetchDataInfo(offsetMetadata, log.read(startPosition.position, length))

实际上最终是调用FileMessageSet的read方法读取 4. def recover(maxMessageSize: Int): Int :读取当前的log文件内容,重新构建index文件 //逐条读取log里的msg, 然后构建index文件 val iter = log.iterator(maxMessageSize) try { while(iter.hasNext) { val entry = iter.next entry.message.ensureValid() if(validBytes - lastIndexEntry > indexIntervalBytes) { // we need to decompress the message, if required, to get the offset of the first uncompressed message val startOffset = entry.message.compressionCodec match { case NoCompressionCodec => entry.offset case _ => ByteBufferMessageSet.deepIterator(entry.message).next().offset } index.append(startOffset, validBytes) lastIndexEntry = validBytes } validBytes += MessageSet.entrySize(entry.message) } } catch { case e: InvalidMessageException => logger.warn("Found invalid messages in log segment %s at byte offset %d: %s.".format(log.file.getAbsolutePath, validBytes, e.getMessage)) } 5. def truncateTo(offset: Long): Int: 根据给定的offset截断log和index文件

val mapping = translateOffset(offset)

if(mapping == null)

return 0

index.truncateTo(offset)

// after truncation, reset and allocate more space for the (new currently active) index

index.resize(index.maxIndexSize)

val bytesTruncated = log.truncateTo(mapping.position)

if(log.sizeInBytes == 0)

created = time.milliseconds

bytesSinceLastIndexEntry = 0

bytesTruncateddef nextOffset(): Long : 获取下一个offset值, 其实就是当前最大的offset + 1

val ms = read(index.lastOffset, None, log.sizeInBytes)

if(ms == null) {

baseOffset

} else {

ms.messageSet.lastOption match {

case None => baseOffset

case Some(last) => last.nextOffset

}

}