pythonopen目录_python操作文件和目录

python操作文件和目录

目录操作

# 查看当前目录

>>> os.path.abspath('.')

'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security'

# 查看当前目录

>>> os.getcwd()

'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security'

# 更改当前的工作目录

>>> os.chdir('/Users/markzhang/')

>>> os.getcwd()

'/Users/markzhang'

# 在某目录下创建新目录，首先显示新目录的完整路径

>>> os.path.join('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security','test')

'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/test'

# 创建目录

>>> os.mkdir('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/test')

# 删除目录

>>> os.rmdir('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/test')

文件操作

# 创建文件

>>> with open('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/demo.txt','w') as f:

... f.write('hello world') # 写文件

...

>>> with open('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/demo.txt','r') as f:

... f.read() # 读文件

...

'hello world'

>>> os.getcwd()

'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security'

# 对文件重命名

>>> os.rename('demo.txt','test.txt')

# 删除文件

>>> os.remove('test.txt')

实例

将0-9写入到指定文件，并以当前时间命名

import os

import time

def current_time():

t = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime())

suffix = ".txt"

fullname = t+suffix

return fullname

with open('/Users/markzhang/Desktop/io.txt','w') as f:

for i in range(10):

i = str(i)

f.write(i)

f.write('\n')

os.chdir('/Users/markzhang/Desktop/')

os.rename('io.txt',current_time())