python乌龟画五角星_使用Python的turtle模块画五角星

使用Python中的turtle模块绘制五角星

代码

# 画国旗上的五角星

import turtle

import math

import numpy as np

# 按照下面网址的国旗上五个五角星的相对位置绘制

# https://wenku.baidu.com/view/799890eb4afe04a1b071ded9.html

# HEIGHT 和半径相关，是网址中矩形的高度

HEIGHT = 200

width = HEIGHT * 1.5

mid_star_radius = HEIGHT * (3/10)

small_star_radius = mid_star_radius * (1/3)

# 四个小的五角星相对于中心五角星的位置

move_vectors = [(5, 3), (7, 1), (7, -2), (5, -4)]

move_vectors = [(item[0] * small_star_radius, item[1] * small_star_radius) for item in move_vectors]

def calculate_coordinate(radius):

# 默认圆心在坐标原点

# 给半出径计算五角星顶点的坐标

RADIUS = radius

# 顶点dot0为坐标为(0, RADIUM)

dots = [None for x in range(0, 5)]

dots[0] = (0, RADIUS)

# 顶点编号dot0, dot1, dot2, dot3, dot4为顺时针顺序

# 两个点之间的夹角为

angle = 2 * math.pi / 5

# dot1与x轴正向(1, 0)的夹角

angle_dot1_1_0 = math.pi / 2 - angle

dots[1] = (RADIUS * math.cos(angle_dot1_1_0), RADIUS * math.sin(angle_dot1_1_0))

# dot4 与 dot1 关于y轴对称

dots[4] = (-dots[1][0], dots[1][1])

# dot2 与 Y轴负方向的夹角

angle_dot2_0_negative_1 = math.pi - 2 * angle

dots[2] = (RADIUS * math.sin(angle_dot2_0_negative_1), - RADIUS * math.cos(angle_dot2_0_negative_1))

# dot3 与 dot2 关于y轴对称

dots[3] = (- dots[2][0], dots[2][1])

return dots

def draw_five_point_star(dots):

# 传入五个点的坐标，绘制五角星

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(dots[0])

turtle.pendown()

turtle.begin_fill()

for i in [2, 4, 1, 3, 0]:

turtle.goto(dots[i])

turtle.end_fill()

turtle.hideturtle()

def move_rotate_star(dots, x, y, angle):

# 移动和旋转五角星

move_matrix = np.array([[x], [y]])

# 旋转矩阵

rotation_matrix = np.array([[math.cos(angle), -math.sin(angle)], [math.sin(angle), math.cos(angle)]])

dots_matrix_list = [np.array(dot).reshape(2,1) for dot in dots]

# 旋转后的坐标

rotated_dots = [np.matmul(rotation_matrix, dot) for dot in dots_matrix_list]

# 根据x,y移动后的坐标

dots_new = [dot + move_matrix for dot in rotated_dots]

dots_new = [tuple(dot.reshape(1,2).tolist()[0]) for dot in dots_new]

return dots_new

star_center = calculate_coordinate(mid_star_radius)

star_small = calculate_coordinate(small_star_radius)

turtle.setup(width*2, HEIGHT *2 )

turtle.bgcolor("red")

turtle.color("yellow", "yellow")

# 画出中间的五角星

draw_five_point_star(star_center)

# 计算出四个小的五角星顶点坐标后，根据上述网址的相对位置移动和旋转五角星

star_num = 1

for move_args in move_vectors:

if star_num < 3:

angle = math.pi - math.atan(move_args[0]/move_args[1])

else:

angle = - math.atan(move_args[0]/move_args[1])

star_small_move = move_rotate_star(star_small, *move_args, angle)

draw_five_point_star(star_small_move)

star_num += 1

turtle.done()

# todo 按照国旗上的位置，需要将图案整体向左上角移动

结果