怎么用python画椭圆_用Python绘制椭圆轨道（使用numpy，matplotlib）

这个问题可以用y作为x的函数来解决

关键在于，对于每个有效的x，有2个y值，在椭圆所跨越的x范围之外没有(或假想的)y解

下面是3.5代码，Sympy1.0应该很好，但打印，列表组件可能不能向后兼容到2.xfrom numpy import linalg

from numpy import linspace

import numpy as np

from numpy import meshgrid

import random

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy import optimize

from sympy import *

xs = [1.02, 0.95, 0.87, 0.77, 0.67, 0.56, 0.44, 0.30, 0.16, 0.01]

ys = [0.39, 0.32, 0.27, 0.22, 0.18, 0.15, 0.13, 0.12, 0.12, 0.15]

b = [i ** 2 for i in xs] # That is the list that contains the results that are given as x^2 from the equation.

def fxn(x, y): # That is the function that solves the given equation to find each parameter.

my_list = [] #It is the main list.

for z in range(len(x)):

w = [0] * 5

w[0] = y[z] ** 2

w[1] = x[z] * y[z]

w[2] = x[z]

w[3] = y[z]

w[4] = 1

my_list.append(w)

return my_list

t = linalg.lstsq(fxn(xs, ys), b)

def ysolv(coeffs):

x,y,a,b,c,d,e = symbols('x y a b c d e')

ellipse = a*y**2 + b*x*y + c*x + d*y + e - x**2

y_sols = solve(ellipse, y)

print(*y_sols, sep='\n')

num_coefs = [(a, f) for a, f in (zip([a,b,c,d,e], coeffs))]

y_solsf0 = y_sols[0].subs(num_coefs)

y_solsf1 = y_sols[1].subs(num_coefs)

f0 = lambdify([x], y_solsf0)

f1 = lambdify([x], y_solsf1)

return f0, f1

f0, f1 = ysolv(t[0])

y0 = [f0(x) for x in xs]

y1 = [f1(x) for x in xs]

plt.scatter(xs, ys)

plt.scatter(xs, y0, s=100, color = 'red', marker='+')

plt.scatter(xs, y1, s=100, color = 'green', marker='+')

plt.show()

在Spyder中运行上述功能时：

^{pr2}$



为y值生成的函数并非处处有效：f0(0.1), f1(0.1)

Out[5]: (0.12952825130864626, 0.6411040771593166)

f0(2)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

f0(2)

File "", line 1, in

ValueError: math domain error

In [7]:

域错误需要try/execpt来“感知”有效的x范围或更多的数学运算

如以下尝试/例外：(编辑为“关闭”图纸重新注释)def feeloutXrange(f, midx, endx):

fxs = []

x = midx

while True:

try: f(x)

except:

break

fxs.append(x)

x += (endx - midx)/100

return fxs

midx = (min(xs) + max(xs))/2

xpos = feeloutXrange(f0, midx, max(xs))

xnegs = feeloutXrange(f0, midx, min(xs))

xs_ellipse = xnegs[::-1] + xpos[1:]

y0s = [f0(x) for x in xs_ellipse]

y1s = [f1(x) for x in xs_ellipse]

ys_ellipse = y0s + y1s[::-1] + [y0s[0]] # add y start point to end to close drawing

xs_ellipse = xs_ellipse + xs_ellipse[::-1] + [xs_ellipse[0]] # added x start point

plt.scatter(xs, ys)

plt.scatter(xs, y0, s=100, color = 'red', marker='+')

plt.scatter(xs, y1, s=100, color = 'green', marker='+')

plt.plot(xs_ellipse, ys_ellipse)

plt.show()

编辑：在椭圆终点列表中添加了重复的起点，以关闭打印地物ys_ellipse = y0s + y1s[::-1] + [y0s[0]] # add y start point to end to close drawing

xs_ellipse = xs_ellipse + xs_ellipse[::-1] + [xs_ellipse[0]] # added x start point