python只能执行一行_我，python，也要一行程序

思路这种东西，对于非科班出身的我来说，太重要了

因为我不会捧着厚厚的一本书，例如《python从入门到放弃》，什么的去看。自然不会系统理论的去学习

通常是遇到问题，我就去百度，百度不到，我就google。直到找到适合的方法。

所以说，对于python，我不会像shell，awk，perl那样去敲一行程序，都是写成xxx.py的脚本去运行。

但是对于严酷的生产环境来说，你在服务器上做太多个人的脚本显然是给自己挖坑。

秉承快速理念，今天研究一下Python的一行程序。契机源于知乎上看到的一篇文章。

首先python一行程序的参数是什么，遇到这些问题请像我一样，命令加-h去查看

PS C:\Users\Administrator> python -h

usage: C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe [option] ... [-c cmd | -m mod | file | -] [arg] ...

Options and arguments (and corresponding environment variables):

-b : issue warnings about str(bytes_instance), str(bytearray_instance)

and comparing bytes/bytearray with str. (-bb: issue errors)

-B : don't write .py[co] files on import; also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=x

-c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list)

-d : debug output from parser; also PYTHONDEBUG=x

-E : ignore PYTHON* environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH)

-h : print this help message and exit (also --help)

-i : inspect interactively after running script; forces a prompt even

if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x

-I : isolate Python from the user's environment (implies -E and -s)

-m mod : run library module as a script (terminates option list)

-O : optimize generated bytecode slightly; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x

-OO : remove doc-strings in addition to the -O optimizations

-q : don't print version and copyright messages on interactive startup

-s : don't add user site directory to sys.path; also PYTHONNOUSERSITE

-S : don't imply 'import site' on initialization

-u : unbuffered binary stdout and stderr, stdin always buffered;

also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x

see man page for details on internal buffering relating to '-u'

-v : verbose (trace import statements); also PYTHONVERBOSE=x

can be supplied multiple times to increase verbosity

-V : print the Python version number and exit (also --version)

when given twice, print more information about the build

-W arg : warning control; arg is action:message:category:module:lineno

also PYTHONWARNINGS=arg

-x : skip first line of source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of #!cmd

-X opt : set implementation-specific option

file : program read from script file

- : program read from stdin (default; interactive mode if a tty)

arg ...: arguments passed to program in sys.argv[1:]

Other environment variables:

PYTHONSTARTUP: file executed on interactive startup (no default)

PYTHONPATH : ';'-separated list of directories prefixed to the

default module search path. The result is sys.path.

PYTHONHOME : alternate directory (or ;).

The default module search path uses \lib.

PYTHONCASEOK : ignore case in 'import' statements (Windows).

PYTHONIOENCODING: Encoding[:errors] used for stdin/stdout/stderr.

PYTHONFAULTHANDLER: dump the Python traceback on fatal errors.

PYTHONHASHSEED: if this variable is set to 'random', a random value is used

to seed the hashes of str, bytes and datetime objects. It can also be

set to an integer in the range [0,4294967295] to get hash values with a

predictable seed.

PYTHONMALLOC: set the Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks

on Python memory allocators. Use PYTHONMALLOC=debug to install debug

hooks.

如上，就这一句

-c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list)

好了，来尝试做一些标准操作

例如，判断一个长字符串里每个字符出现了多少次，用列表的count方法

PS C:\Users\Administrator> python -c "var='sdfesdvwetohooodfedsfacbfdaczdfew';varlist=list(var);newlist=list(set(varlist));[print('element is '+em+' count is '+str(varlist.count(em))) for em in newlist]"

element is e count is 4

element is o count is 4

element is s count is 3

element is h count is 1

element is a count is 2

element is z count is 1

element is d count is 6

element is t count is 1

element is w count is 2

element is b count is 1

element is c count is 2

element is f count is 5

element is v count is 1

如果嫌太长，就可以把分号当作一个回车来输入，如下

PS C:\Users\Administrator> python -c "var='sdfesdvwetohooodfedsfacbfdaczdfew'

>> varlist=list(var)

>> newlist=list(set(varlist))

>> [print('element is '+em+' count is '+str(varlist.count(em))) for em in newlist]"#这个循环需要用[]符号圈起来

element is h count is 1

element is s count is 3

element is d count is 6

element is a count is 2

element is z count is 1

element is w count is 2

element is o count is 4

element is f count is 5

element is t count is 1

element is c count is 2

element is v count is 1

element is e count is 4

element is b count is 1

有什么意义，意义在于每个人的专精不同，然后系统环境又存在差异，多一种思路对于应对特定环境有所帮助。

用Python好处是书写方便，文档多，模块多。

再举个例子，目前环境限制如下

在一个python3的容器内，无法添加expect，只能用python的pexpect模块。

对anodest01这台做一个操作，在vagrant目录下创建一个文件。

[vagrant@anodest01 ~]$ uname -n;date

anodest01

Sun Apr 8 09:21:33 UTC 2018

[vagrant@anodest01 ~]$ ls -lt

total 0

执行命令

root@24ebede9724d:/# python -c "import pexpect

> pwd='vagrant'

> process=pexpect.spawn('ssh vagrant@192.168.8.82 touch from_master_docker_py3')

> process.expect('[Pp]assword')

> process.sendline(pwd)

> process.expect(pexpect.EOF)"

在anodest01上看效果，创建完成

[vagrant@anodest01 ~]$ uname -n;date

anodest01

Sun Apr 8 09:23:02 UTC 2018

[vagrant@anodest01 ~]$ ls -lt

total 0

-rw-rw-r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 0 Apr 8 09:22 from_master_docker_py3

以上就是今天研究的实例，但目前来说使用上没有多复杂，对于复杂的需求是什么呢

自然是转译符的问题，python -c ""，默认是使用了双引号引用，里面的字符什么的都要用单引号，如果遇到了需要双引号的情况，大家还需要在实际场景中多尝试和努力。