python中sqrt函数为什么无法定义_未定义全局名称“sqrt”

我创建了一个函数potential(x,K,B,N)，其中x，K，B是numpy数组，N是一个整数。我试图在iPython中测试该函数，但我一直得到错误"global name 'sqrt' not defined"。

下面是我的代码：def potential(x,K,B,N):

x = x.reshape((3,N),order='F')

U_b = 0.0

for i in xrange(0,N-1):

for j in xrange(i+1,N):

if K[i,j] == 1.0:

U_b += sum((x[:,i]-x[:,j])**2)

U_b = 0.5*U_b

U_a = 0.0

for i in xrange(0,N-2):

for j in xrange(i+1,N-1):

for l in xrange(j+1,N):

if B[i,j,l] == 1.0:

U_a += B[i,j,l]*sum((x[:,i]-x[:,j])*(x[:,j]-x[:,l]))/(sqrt(sum((x[:,i]-x[:,j])**2))*sqrt(sum((x[:,j]-x[:,l])**2)))

U_a = -U_a

U_r = 0.0

d = 0.0

for i in xrange(0,N-1):

for j in xrange(i+1,N):

d = sqrt(sum((x[:,i]-x[:,j])**2))

if d > sqrt(0.2):

U_r += (1.0/6.0)*(1/(d**6))

else:

U_r += -0.2**(-7.0/2.0)*d + (7.0/6.0)*(0.2)**(-3)

return U_b + U_a + U_r

我试过使用from math import *，但这似乎没有帮助。任何建议都将不胜感激！