字典是python中的可变类型吗_Python--基本的对象类型（字典_可变的数据类型）

#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-#******************通过dict类创建的对象******************#dict 类 字典#1：字典的格式#di = {"name":"ae",123:"23",True:12,(12,34):"qq"}#print(di)

#2:字典中的元素用花括号括起来，其中的元素由键值对组成,键keys,值valuse#字典的"键"只能是不可变的对象，比如数字，字符串，元组，布尔值，而且键不能重复，如果重复则只会显示第一个键值对；#字典的"值"可以是任意元素，值可以重复#注意：字典中的元素是无序的，所以不能进行切片操作

## 3：创建字典#di1 = {"name":"ae",123:"23",True:12,(12,34):"qq"} #1:直接创建#li1 = [("name","qingyu"),["age","20"]] #元组和列表都可以,但是必须大于2项#di2 = dict(tu) #2:利用dict()函数构建字典#di3 = dict(name = "qingyu",age = 12,a = [11,22,33,44]) #2:键是字符串，但是不用带引号,值如果是字符串需要带引号#print(di1,di2,di3,sep = "\n")#x = ["name","age"]#y = ["qingyu",20]#di4 = dict(zip(x,y)) #3:使用zip函数将名/值列表链接在一起，来创建字典#print(di4)#di5 = dict.fromkeys(["11","22","33"],"ae") #4:根据序列来创建字典,并指定统一的值;#di6 = dict.fromkeys("qwer",11) #注意：formkeys中的是可迭代的键#di7 = dict.fromkeys(("11","22","33",),"ae")#print(di5,di6,di7,sep = "\n")

#4:通过索引找到元素,索引的是键；字典支持del删除键值对#di = {11:"22","qwer":"skill",22:[112,113,"qw",{1:"ae",2:"qingyu",3:45}]}#print(di[22][3][2])#print(di)#del di[22][3][2]#print(di)

#5:字典是可迭代对象，可以通过for循环遍历#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#for i1 in di: #默认是打印的键#print(i1)#for i2 in di.keys(): #打印键#print(i2)#print(di[i2]) #索引打印值#for i3 in di.values(): #打印值#print(i3)#for i4 in di.items(): #打印键值对,会将键值对放在元组里#print(i4)#for x,y in di.items(): #打印键值对#print(x,y)

#其他：in和not in 可以判断键是否在字典中；len()求字典的长度等

#******************dict类中提供的方法******************#1：clear方法：清空元素#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#print(di.clear()) #返回值是None

#2：copy方法：浅拷贝，类似于列表的浅拷贝，只能拷贝一级元素#di1 = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#di2 = di1.copy() # 浅拷贝如果有嵌套，嵌套内容的更改会同时影响到拷贝方和被拷贝方，因为指向同一个地址#print(di2)

#3:fromkeys方法：通过序列创建字典，并统一指定值；#di1 = dict.fromkeys(["11","22","33"],"ae")#di2 = dict.fromkeys("qwer",11)#di3 = dict.fromkeys(("11","22","33",),"ae")#print(di1,di2,di3,sep = "\n")#di4 = dict.fromkeys(("q",[1,2],),11) #这种情况会创建失败，因为[1,2]是可哈希的#print(di4) #注意：formkeys中的是可迭代的键

#4：get方法：根据键获取值，键不存在时，可以指定默认值，默认值为None#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#a1 = di.get('k1',111111)#a2 = di.get("k2")#a3 = di.get("k3")#print(a1,a2,a3)

#5：keys方法，valuse方法，items方法#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#for i1 in di: #默认是打印的键#print(i1)#for i2 in di.keys(): #打印键#print(i2)#print(di[i2]) #索引打印值#for i3 in di.values(): #打印值#print(i3)#for i4 in di.items(): #打印键值对,会将键值对放在元组里#print(i4)#for x,y in di.items(): #打印键值对#print(x,y)

#6：pop方法：按照键来删除键值对，并获取键值对中的值#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#a1 = di.pop("a1")#print(di,a1)

#7：popitem方法：从末尾删除键值对，并返回键和值#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#a = di.popitem()#print(a)#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#x,y = di.popitem()#print(x,y)

## 8：setdefault方法：设置值，如果，将会添加键并将值设为默认值；#di = {"a1":"qwer","k2":111,3:[11,22,33]}#a1 = di.setdefault('k1',111111) #键不存在于字典中，添加键并将值设为111111；#print(di)#a2 = di.setdefault("k2") #如果键存在的话，会获取值#print(di)#a3 = di.setdefault("k3") #键不存在于字典中，设置默认值None#print(di)#print(a1,a2,a3)

#9：update方法：把字典2中的键值对更新到字典1中去#di1 = {"k1":"q","k2":"w",3:"e",4:"r"}#print(di1)#di2 = {"k1":"a","k2":"s","k3":3333}#di1.update(di2) #若键不存在，则在末尾追加键值对#print(di1)