流程:
环境准备
eclipse :需安装pydev、testng插件
python :安装python完成后,需 pip下安装selenium:命令: pip install selenium
我现在的环境:eclipse【 Neon.3 Release (4.6.3)】+JDK1.8+python3.6.3+pydev 6.4.4+selenium3.8.1
2eclipse创建python项目
1 src:框架主要代码,很重要!!其中,framework主要实现 配置文件的读取,日志类,读取数据库,selenium常用方法封装,浏览器启动类等
2 config :配置文件,配置url,数据库等
data:放的测试案例的数据—因为表太多,现在不用了,数据改放在了数据库中
3 logs:顾名思义,放生成的日志
4 PageElement:放需要的页面元素
5 report:生成的测试报告会在这里
6 result:本来想放具体的测试结果,如哪条案例未通过放这里!!现在也没啥用!可以不用
7 screenshot:放运行错误后的截图
8 tools:工具类:如驱动啥的
测试数据准备
3.1 测试元素表
3.2测试数据表**
测试主框架的搭建
4.1框架目录
每个包的解释:
framework:自动化测试框架的支撑,主要实现功能为对selenium一些常用方法的封装,配置文件的读取、测试数据的读取,浏览器驱动的调用,日志文件的创建等;
【11月更新】现在添加了读取数据库的类
pageobject:采用了页面对象模型Page-Object的思想,将被测系统的每个页面对应成一个页面类,将每个页面对象的唯一属性存放于页面元素表中,并通过该页面类进行读取,实现该页面的操作方法,如:输入,点击等操作
testsuit:测试套件。测试套件是很多测试用例的集合,一个测试套件可以随意管理多个测试用例
testrunner:用来执行加载测试用例,并执行用例,且提供测试输出的一个组件。test runner可以加载test case或者test suite进行执行测试任务。
test:自测用的,可以不要!!!
4.2框架之-----浏览器引擎配置 browser-engine类
4.2.1.config下新建:config.ini
#this is config file, only store browser type and server URL
[browserType]
browserName=Firefox#browserName = Chrome#browserName = IE
[testServer]
URL= http://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX #输入你要测得url地址#URL = http://www.google.com
4.2.2 framework下新建browser_engine.py
封装对浏览器的操作
from selenium importwebdriverimportconfigparserimportsys,osclassBrowser(object):#打开浏览器
defopen_browser(self):
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
dir= os.path.abspath('.').split('src')[0]
config.read( dir+"/config/config.ini")
browser= config.get("browserType", "browserName")
logger.info("You had select %s browser." %browser)
url= config.get("testServer", "URL")if browser == "Firefox":
self.driver=webdriver.Firefox()elif browser == "Chrome":
self.driver=webdriver.Chrome()elif browser == "IE":
self.driver=webdriver.Ie()
self.driver.set_window_size(1920,1080) #分辨率
#self.driver.maximize_window()#最大化
self.driver.get(url)returnself.driver#打开url站点
defopen_url(self, url):
self.driver.get(url)#关闭浏览器
defquit_browser(self):
self.driver.quit()#浏览器前进操作
defforward(self):
self.driver.forward()#浏览器后退操作
defback(self):
self.driver.back()#隐式等待
defwait(self, seconds):
self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds)
4.3 框架之-----日志配置 logger类
4.3.1 framework下新建logger.py
importloggingimporttimeimportosclassLogger(object):def __init__(self, logger):'指定保存日志的文件路径,日志级别,以及调用文件,将日志存入到指定的文件中'
#创建一个logger
self.logger =logging.getLogger(logger)#self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
#创建一个handler,用于写入日志文件
rq = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M', time.localtime(time.time()))
log_dir= os.path.abspath('.').split('src')[0] + '/logs/'log_name= log_dir + rq + '.log'fh=logging.FileHandler(log_name)
fh.setLevel(logging.INFO)#再创建一个handler,用于输出到控制台
ch =logging.StreamHandler()#ch.setLevel(logging.INFO)
ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)#定义handler的输出格式
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
ch.setFormatter(formatter)#给logger添加handler
self.logger.addHandler(fh)
self.logger.addHandler(ch)defgetlog(self):return self.logger
4.3.2 其他类中引用日志类
在其他类前面先导入日志类:
from framework.logger importLogger
logger= Logger("XXXXX页面").getlog()#在你想打印日志的地方加上:
logger.info(XXXXXX)
logger.error(XXXXX)#可参考下面的类
4.4框架之-----selenium二次封装 basepage类
framework下新建basepage.py封装对页面的基本操作,其中包含:查找元素、点击元素、输入、下拉选择、切换iframe,执行js等
importtimefrom selenium.common.exceptions importNoSuchElementExceptionfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains importActionChainsimportos.pathfrom framework.logger importLoggerfrom selenium.webdriver.support.select importSelectfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys importKeysfrom random importchoice
logger= Logger("BasePage").getlog()classBasePage(object):"定义一个页面基类,让所有页面都继承这个类,封装一些常用的页面操作方法到这个类"
def __init__(self, driver):
self.driver=driver#查找元素
deffind_element(self, selector):
element= ''
if '=>' not inselector:returnself.driver.find_element_by_id(selector)
selector_by= selector.split('=>')[0]
selector_value= selector.split('=>')[1]if selector_by == 'id':try:
element=self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value)
logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful"
"by %s via value: %s" %(element.text, selector_by, selector_value))exceptNoSuchElementException as e:
logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" %e)elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == 'name':
element=self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value)elif selector_by == 'css_selector':
element=self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)elif selector_by == 'classname':
element=self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value)elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == 'link_text':
element=self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value)elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == 'partial_link_text':
element=self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value)elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == 'tag_name':
element=self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value)elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == 'xpath':try:
element=self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value)
logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful"
"by %s via value: %s" %(element.text, selector_by, selector_value))exceptNoSuchElementException as e:
logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" %e)elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == 'selector_selector':
element=self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)else:raise NameError("Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.")returnelement#输入
definput(self, selector, text):
el=self.find_element(selector)try:
el.clear()
el.send_keys(text)
logger.info("Had type \' %s \' in inputBox" %text)exceptNameError as e:
logger.error("Failed to type in input box with %s" %e)
@staticmethoddefsleep(seconds):
time.sleep(seconds)
logger.info("Sleep for %d seconds" %seconds)#点击
defclick(self, selector):
el=self.find_element(selector)try:
el.click()#logger.info("The element \' %s \' was clicked." % el.text)
exceptNameError as e:
logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" %e)#切到iframe
defswitch_frame(self):
iframe= self.find_element('classname=>embed-responsive-item')try:
self.driver.switch_to_frame(iframe)#logger.info("The element \' %s \' was clicked." % iframe.text)
exceptNameError as e:
logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" %e)#处理标准下拉选择框,随机选择
defselect(self, id):
select1=self.find_element(id)try:
options_list=select1.find_elements_by_tag_name('option')deloptions_list[0]
s1=choice(options_list)
Select(select1).select_by_visible_text(s1.text)
logger.info("随机选的是:%s" %s1.text)exceptNameError as e:
logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" %e)#执行js
defexecute_js(self, js):
self.driver.execute_script(js)#模拟回车键
defenter(self, selector):
e1=self.find_element(selector)
e1.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)#模拟鼠标左击
defleftclick(self, element):#e1 = self.find_element(selector)
ActionChains(self.driver).click(element).perform()#截图,保存在根目录下的screenshots
deftake_screenshot(self):
screen_dir= os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('../..')) + '/screenshots/'rq= time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
screen_name= screen_dir + rq + '.png'
try:
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name)
logger.info("Had take screenshot and saved!")exceptException as e:
logger.error("Failed to take screenshot!", format(e))defisElementExist(self,xpath):
flag=True
driver=self.drivertry:
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)returnflagexcept:
flag=Falsereturn flag
4.5框架之-----读表操作封装【现在有些方法不需要了,因为是从数据库读】
importxlrdclassReadExcle(object):'''classdoc'''
def __init__(self,file,tag='True'):
self.file=file
self.tag=tag'''输入参数,返回某个sheet列表中的所有值
sheetname:excel文件的具体sheet名称
n:开始行数,从第n行开始读
num:读取num行'''
def read(self,sheetname,n=1,num=1000):#i,sheet索引
ExcelFile =xlrd.open_workbook(self.file)
table=ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
nrows= table.nrows #行数
ncols = table.ncols #列数
j = 0 #循环次数
for row in range(1,nrows):
j+=1line=[]if self.tag == 'True':for col inrange(0,ncols):
line.append(table.cell(row,col).value)yieldlineelif self.tag == 'False':if j >= n and j< n+num:for col inrange(0,ncols):
line.append(table.cell(row,col).value)yieldline'''读取页面元素表
list1 页面元素路径列表
list2 页面元素js列表'''
defget(self,sheetname):
ExcelFile=xlrd.open_workbook(self.file)
sheet=ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname)#'Sheet1'
nrows = sheet.nrows #总行数
list0=[]#元素名称列表
list1=[]#元素路径列表
list2=[]#js列表
for i in range(1,nrows):#i为行数
if sheet.row(i)[2].value != 'null':
r1=sheet.row(i)[2].value
r2=sheet.row(i)[3].value
list0.append(sheet.row(i)[0].value)
list1.append(r1+'=>'+r2)
dict1=dict(zip(list0,list1))else:
list2.append(sheet.row(i)[3].value)returndict1,list2'''返回excel文件具体sheet的具体某个单元格的值
i,j为单元格所在位置'''
defread_1(self,sheetname,i,j):
ExcelFile=xlrd.open_workbook(self.file)
table=ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname)#print(table.cell(1,0).value)
returntable.cell(i,j).value'''读取给定列数,如读取该表中第3列~5列'''
def read_ncols(self,sheetname,ncols,n=1,num=1000):#i,sheet索引
ExcelFile =xlrd.open_workbook(self.file)
table=ExcelFile.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
nrows= table.nrows #行数
ncols = table.ncols #列数
j = 0 #循环次数
for row in range(1,nrows):
j+=1line=[]if self.tag == 'True':for col inrange(0,ncols):
line.append(table.cell(row,col).value)yieldlineelif self.tag == 'False':if j >= n and j< n+num:for col inrange(0,ncols):
line.append(table.cell(row,col).value)yield line