java加载jdbc驱动,加载JDBC驱动

我们平时在连接数据库时需要加载驱动，通常做法是将JDBC驱动程序放在类路径中的某个位置，然后用Class.forName()查找并加载驱动程序。

这也就意味着要么将驱动程序打包到jar中，要么将驱动程序粘贴到某个地方(可能也将其解包)，要么修改类路径。

但是为什么不使用URLClassLoader和class.forName()的重载来指定类加载器呢？因为DriverManager将拒绝使用一个不能未被系统类加载器加载的驱动。

解决方法是创建一个实现java.sql.Driver的实现类。这个实现类只调用动态加载的JDBC驱动程序实例的方法。像这样的：

import java.sql.*;

class DriverShim implements Driver {

private Driver driver;

DriverShim(Driver d) {

this.driver = d;

}

public boolean acceptsURL(String u) throws SQLException {

return this.driver.acceptsURL(u);

}

public Connection connect(String u, Properties p) throws SQLException {

return this.driver.connect(u, p);

}

public int getMajorVersion() {

return this.driver.getMajorVersion();

}

public int getMinorVersion() {

return this.driver.getMinorVersion();

}

public DriverPropertyInfo[] getPropertyInfo(String u, Properties p) throws SQLException {

return this.driver.getPropertyInfo(u, p);

}

public boolean jdbcCompliant() {

return this.driver.jdbcCompliant();

}

}

class test {

public will_not_work() {

URL u = new URL("jar:file:/path/to/pgjdbc2.jar!/");

String classname = "org.postgresql.Driver";

URLClassLoader ucl = new URLClassLoader(new URL[] { u });

Class.forName(classname, true, ucl);

DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://host/db", "user", "pw");

// That will throw SQLException: No suitable driver

}

public will_work() {

URL u = new URL("jar:file:/path/to/pgjdbc2.jar!/");

String classname = "org.postgresql.Driver";

URLClassLoader ucl = new URLClassLoader(new URL[] { u });

Driver d = (Driver)Class.forName(classname, true, ucl).newInstance();

DriverManager.registerDriver(new DriverShim(d));

DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://host/db", "user", "pw");

// Success!

}

}