signature=90261b3bf6e6c6e30bf38eecd595afcc,The quartz content and elemental composition of aerosols ...

摘要：

The elemental composition and concentration of quartz in ambient aerosols collected on dichotomous filters from the EPA Inhalable Particulate Network (IPN) in 1980 have been determined by X-ray fluorescence and mass calibration methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Quartz concentrations were also determined by reference intensity ratio methods of XRD from high-volume (hi-vol) filters from ten U.S. cities and were compared with data obtained from the dichotomous samples. Twenty five individual sites are represented in the quartz analysis phase of the study. These analyses demonstrate that for all IPN sites, an average of only 4.9 (±2.3) weight per cent of the coarse particle mass as measured by the dichotomous samplers consists of quartz and 0.4 (±0.7) weight per cent as quartz in the fine fraction. Continental interior sites show the highest average quartz content as well as the greatest variability. Except for highly industrialized sites, the Coastal regions and Eastern interior sites reveal the lowest quartz concentrations. The quartz levels observed at Research Triangle Park, NC, Seattle, WA, and Portland, OR, are the lowest of the dichotomous data set, whereas those at Boston, MA, and Five Points, CA, represent the highest levels. The Si concentrations obtained from the quartz analyses were compared with Si measured directly by X-ray fluorescence on the same filters. The complete aerosol X-ray spectra from some samples such as Portland, OR, shows that the Si comes primarily from minerals such as feldspars, whereas the Si in the Buffalo, NY, aerosol comes primarily from quartz. The concentration of quartz combined with elemental composition and other crustal or anthropogenic constituents observed on the filters provides a means for developing unique geographical airshed signatures for use in detailed source apportionment studies.

展开