python 用list实现队列_Python如何使用队列方式实现多线程爬虫

说明：糗事百科段子的爬取，采用了队列和多线程的方式，其中关键点是Queue.task_done()、Queue.join()，保证了线程的有序进行。

代码如下import requests

from lxml import etree

import json

from queue import Queue

import threading

class Qsbk(object):

def __init__(self):

self.headers = {

"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36",

"Referer": "https://www.qiushibaike.com/"

}

# 实例化三个队列，用来存放内容

self.url_queue = Queue()

self.html_queue = Queue()

self.content_queue = Queue()

def get_total_url(self):

"""

获取了所有的页面url，并且返回url_list

return:url_list

现在放入url_queue队列中保存

"""

url_temp = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}/"

url_list = list()

for i in range(1,13):

# url_list.append(url_temp.format(i))

# 将生成的url放入url_queue队列

self.url_queue.put(url_temp.format(i))

def parse_url(self):

"""

发送请求，获取响应，同时etree处理html

"""

while self.url_queue.not_empty:

# 判断非空，为空时结束循环

# 从队列中取出一个url

url = self.url_queue.get()

print("parsing url:",url)

# 发送请求

response = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers,timeout=10)

# 获取html字符串

html = response.content.decode()

# 获取element类型的html

html = etree.HTML(html)

# 将生成的element对象放入html_queue队列

self.html_queue.put(html)

# Queue.task_done() 在完成一项工作之后，Queue.task_done()函数向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号

self.url_queue.task_done()

def get_content(self):

"""

解析网页内容，获取想要的信息

"""

while self.html_queue.not_empty:

items = list()

html = self.html_queue.get()

total_div = html.xpath("//div[@class='col1 old-style-col1']/div")

for i in total_div:

author_img = i.xpath(".//a[@rel='nofollow']/img/@src")

author_img = "https"+author_img[0] if len(author_img) 0 else None

author_name = i.xpath(".//a[@rel='nofollow']/img/@alt")

author_name = author_name[0] if len(author_name) 0 else None

author_href = i.xpath("./a/@href")

author_href = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/"+author_href[0] if len(author_href) 0 else None

author_gender = i.xpath("./div[1]/div/@class")

author_gender = author_gender[0].split(" ")[-1].replace("Icon","").strip() if len(author_gender) 0 else None

author_age = i.xpath("./div[1]/div/text()")

author_age = author_age[0] if len(author_age) 0 else None

content = i.xpath("./a/div/span/text()")

content = content[0].strip() if len(content) 0 else None

content_vote = i.xpath("./div[@class='stats']/span[@class='stats-vote']/i/text()")

content_vote = content_vote[0] if len(content_vote) 0 else None

content_comment_numbers = i.xpath("./div[@class='stats']/span[@class='stats-comments']/a/i/text()")

content_comment_numbers = content_comment_numbers[0] if len(content_comment_numbers) 0 else None

item = {

"author_name":author_name,

"author_age" :author_age,

"author_gender":author_gender,

"author_img":author_img,

"author_href":author_href,

"content":content,

"content_vote":content_vote,

"content_comment_numbers":content_comment_numbers,

}

items.append(item)

self.content_queue.put(items)

# task_done的时候，队列计数减一

self.html_queue.task_done()

def save_items(self):

"""

保存items

"""

while self.content_queue.not_empty:

items = self.content_queue.get()

with open("quishibaike.txt",'a',encoding='utf-8') as f:

for i in items:

json.dump(i,f,ensure_ascii=False,indent=2)

self.content_queue.task_done()

def run(self):

# 获取url list

thread_list = list()

thread_url = threading.Thread(target=self.get_total_url)

thread_list.append(thread_url)

# 发送网络请求

for i in range(10):

thread_parse = threading.Thread(target=self.parse_url)

thread_list.append(thread_parse)

# 提取数据

thread_get_content = threading.Thread(target=self.get_content)

thread_list.append(thread_get_content)

# 保存

thread_save = threading.Thread(target=self.save_items)

thread_list.append(thread_save)

for t in thread_list:

# 为每个进程设置为后台进程，效果是主进程退出子进程也会退出

t.setDaemon(True)

t.start()

# 让主线程等待，所有的队列为空的时候才能退出

self.url_queue.join()

self.html_queue.join()

self.content_queue.join()

if __name__=="__main__":

obj = Qsbk()

obj.run()

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。