php共享内存编程,php操作共享内存shmop类如何使用

php操作共享内存shmop类如何使用

发布时间：2020-10-19 16:41:00

来源：亿速云

阅读：74

作者：小新

这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关php操作共享内存shmop类如何使用，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。

SimpleSHM 是一个较小的抽象层，用于使用 PHP 操作共享内存，支持以一种面向对象的方式轻松操作内存段。在编写使用共享内存进行存储的小型应用程序时，这个库可帮助创建非常简洁的代码。可以使用 3 个方法进行处理：读、写和删除。从该类中简单地实例化一个对象，可以控制打开的共享内存段。

类对象和测试代码<?php

//类对象

namespace Simple\SHM;

class Block

{

/**

* Holds the system id for the shared memory block

*

* @var int

* @access protected

*/

protected $id;

/**

* Holds the shared memory block id returned by shmop_open

*

* @var int

* @access protected

*/

protected $shmid;

/**

* Holds the default permission (octal) that will be used in created memory blocks

*

* @var int

* @access protected

*/

protected $perms = 0644;

/**

* Shared memory block instantiation

*

* In the constructor we'll check if the block we're going to manipulate

* already exists or needs to be created. If it exists, let's open it.

*

* @access public

* @param string $id (optional) ID of the shared memory block you want to manipulate

*/

public function __construct($id = null)

{

if($id === null) {

$this->id = $this->generateID();

} else {

$this->id = $id;

}

if($this->exists($this->id)) {

$this->shmid = shmop_open($this->id, "w", 0, 0);

}

}

/**

* Generates a random ID for a shared memory block

*

* @access protected

* @return int System V IPC key generated from pathname and a project identifier

*/

protected function generateID()

{

$id = ftok(__FILE__, "b");

return $id;

}

/**

* Checks if a shared memory block with the provided id exists or not

*

* In order to check for shared memory existance, we have to open it with

* reading access. If it doesn't exist, warnings will be cast, therefore we

* suppress those with the @ operator.

*

* @access public

* @param string $id ID of the shared memory block you want to check

* @return boolean True if the block exists, false if it doesn't

*/

public function exists($id)

{

$status = @shmop_open($id, "a", 0, 0);

return $status;

}

/**

* Writes on a shared memory block

*

* First we check for the block existance, and if it doesn't, we'll create it. Now, if the

* block already exists, we need to delete it and create it again with a new byte allocation that

* matches the size of the data that we want to write there. We mark for deletion, close the semaphore

* and create it again.

*

* @access public

* @param string $data The data that you wan't to write into the shared memory block

*/

public function write($data)

{

$size = mb_strlen($data, 'UTF-8');

if($this->exists($this->id)) {

shmop_delete($this->shmid);

shmop_close($this->shmid);

$this->shmid = shmop_open($this->id, "c", $this->perms, $size);

shmop_write($this->shmid, $data, 0);

} else {

$this->shmid = shmop_open($this->id, "c", $this->perms, $size);

shmop_write($this->shmid, $data, 0);

}

}

/**

* Reads from a shared memory block

*

* @access public

* @return string The data read from the shared memory block

*/

public function read()

{

$size = shmop_size($this->shmid);

$data = shmop_read($this->shmid, 0, $size);

return $data;

}

/**

* Mark a shared memory block for deletion

*

* @access public

*/

public function delete()

{

shmop_delete($this->shmid);

}

/**

* Gets the current shared memory block id

*

* @access public

*/

public function getId()

{

return $this->id;

}

/**

* Gets the current shared memory block permissions

*

* @access public

*/

public function getPermissions()

{

return $this->perms;

}

/**

* Sets the default permission (octal) that will be used in created memory blocks

*

* @access public

* @param string $perms Permissions, in octal form

*/

public function setPermissions($perms)

{

$this->perms = $perms;

}

/**

* Closes the shared memory block and stops manipulation

*

* @access public

*/

public function __destruct()

{

shmop_close($this->shmid);

}

}<?php

//测试使用代码

namespace Simple\SHM\Test;

use Simple\SHM\Block;

class BlockTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase

{

public function testIsCreatingNewBlock()

{

$memory = new Block;

$this->assertInstanceOf('Simple\\SHM\\Block', $memory);

$memory->write('Sample');

$data = $memory->read();

$this->assertEquals('Sample', $data);

}

public function testIsCreatingNewBlockWithId()

{

$memory = new Block(897);

$this->assertInstanceOf('Simple\\SHM\\Block', $memory);

$this->assertEquals(897, $memory->getId());

$memory->write('Sample 2');

$data = $memory->read();

$this->assertEquals('Sample 2', $data);

}

public function testIsMarkingBlockForDeletion()

{

$memory = new Block(897);

$memory->delete();

$data = $memory->read();

$this->assertEquals('Sample 2', $data);

}

public function testIsPersistingNewBlockWithoutId()

{

$memory = new Block;

$this->assertInstanceOf('Simple\\SHM\\Block', $memory);

$memory->write('Sample 3');

unset($memory);

$memory = new Block;

$data = $memory->read();

$this->assertEquals('Sample 3', $data);

}

}

额外说明<?php

$memory = new SimpleSHM;

$memory->write('Sample');

echo $memory->read();

?>

请注意，上面代码里没有为该类传递一个 ID。如果没有传递 ID，它将随机选择一个编号并打开该编号的新内存段。我们可以以参数的形式传递一个编号，供构造函数打开现有的内存段，或者创建一个具有特定 ID 的内存段，如下<?php

$new = new SimpleSHM(897);

$new->write('Sample');

echo $new->read();

?>

神奇的方法 __destructor 负责在该内存段上调用 shmop_close 来取消设置对象，以与该内存段分离。我们将这称为 “SimpleSHM 101”。现在让我们将此方法用于更高级的用途：使用共享内存作为存储。存储数据集需要序列化，因为数组或对象无法存储在内存中。尽管这里使用了 JSON 来序列化，但任何其他方法(比如 XML 或内置的 PHP 序列化功能)也已足够。如下<?php

require('SimpleSHM.class.php');

$results = array(

'user' => 'John',

'password' => '123456',

'posts' => array('My name is John', 'My name is not John')

);

$data = json_encode($results);

$memory = new SimpleSHM;

$memory->write($data);

$storedarray = json_decode($memory->read());

print_r($storedarray);

?>

我们成功地将一个数组序列化为一个 JSON 字符串，将它存储在共享内存块中，从中读取数据，去序列化 JSON 字符串，并显示存储的数组。这看起来很简单，但请想象一下这个代码片段带来的可能性。您可以使用它存储 Web 服务请求、数据库查询或者甚至模板引擎缓存的结果。在内存中读取和写入将带来比在磁盘中读取和写入更高的性能。

使用此存储技术不仅对缓存有用，也对应用程序之间的数据交换也有用，只要数据以两端都可读的格式存储。不要低估共享内存在 Web 应用程序中的力量。可采用许多不同的方式来巧妙地实现这种存储，惟一的限制是开发人员的创造力和技能。

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