python3urllib request_python3-urllib.request操作

请求网页

import urllib.request

f = urllib.request.urlopen('http:www.bing.com')

print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))

#获取状态码

f.getcode()

#获取url

f.geturl()

#获取meta-infomation,像headers

print(f.info())

发送数据请求

import urllib.request

req = urllib.request.Request(url='https://localhost/cgi-bin/test.cgi',

data=b'This data is passed to stdin of the CGI')

f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)

print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))

put请求

import urllib.request

DATA=b'some data'

req = urllib.request.Request(url='http://localhost:8080', data=DATA,method='PUT')

f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)

print(f.status)

print(f.reason)

基本http验证，登录请求

import urllib.request

# Create an OpenerDirector with support for Basic HTTP Authentication...

auth_handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()

auth_handler.add_password(realm='PDQ Application',

uri='https://mahler:8092/site-updates.py',

user='klem',

passwd='kadidd!ehopper')

opener = urllib.request.build_opener(auth_handler)

# ...and install it globally so it can be used with urlopen.

urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com/login.html')

支持代理方式验证请求

proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://www.example.com:3128/'})

proxy_auth_handler = urllib.request.ProxyBasicAuthHandler()

proxy_auth_handler.add_password('realm', 'host', 'username', 'password')

opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler, proxy_auth_handler)

# This time, rather than install the OpenerDirector, we use it directly:

opener.open('http://www.example.com/login.html')

添加headers

import urllib.request

opener = urllib.request.build_opener()

opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]

opener.open('http://www.example.com/')

#或

import urllib.request

req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.example.com/')

req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')

# Customize the default User-Agent header value:

req.add_header('User-Agent', 'urllib-example/0.1 (Contact: . . .)')

r = urllib.request.urlopen(req)

带参数的post

import urllib.request

import urllib.parse

data = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})

data = data.encode('ascii')

with urllib.request.urlopen("http://requestb.in/xrbl82xr", data) as f:

print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))

带参数的get

import urllib.request

import urllib.parse

params = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})

url = "http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query?%s" % params

with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as f:

print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))

指定代理请求

import urllib.request

proxies = {'http': 'http://proxy.example.com:8080/'}

opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener(proxies)

f = opener.open("http://www.python.org")

f.read().decode('utf-8')

无代理请求

import urllib.request

opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener({})

with opener.open("http://www.python.org/") as f:

f.read().decode('utf-8')