python随机生成数字列表_如何生成一个随机数的列表，使它们的和等于随机选择的数字...

先考虑连续做。暂时我们不关心最终数，所以让我们在区间[0…1]中均匀抽样X_i，使它们的和等于1X_1 + X_2 + ... X_n = 1

这就是众所周知的分布，称为Dirichlet分布，或称伽马变量，或单纯形抽样。请参阅Generating N uniform random numbers that sum to M上的详细信息和讨论。可以使用random.gammavariate(a,1)或正确处理角点，参数为1的伽马变量为等效指数分布，下面是直接采样代码

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所以从simplex_sampling开始，你就有了向量和求和作为标准化。在

因此，把它用于，比如N=5N = 5

sum, r = simplex_sampling(N)

norm = float(N)/sum

# normalization together with matching back to integers

result = []

for k in range(N):

# t is now float uniformly distributed in [0.0...N], with sum equal to N

t = r[k] * norm

# not sure if you could have zeros,

# and check for boundaries might be useful, but

# conversion to integers is trivial anyway:

# values in [0...1) shall be converted to 0,

# values in [1...2) shall be converted to 1, etc

result.append( int(t) )