python证书有什么用_在python中使用带有请求的自签名证书

Situation :

The target site (a pre-prod URL, say https://my-pre-prod-site.com/login, for example) is using a self-signed certificate.

From the browser, the site is accessible over https without any issues (the self-signed certificate warning is suppressed by adding the certificate to the trust store in the browser)

Problem Statement :

A simple python script that makes a get call to the target site using requests fails with either of the below errors in different situations :

requests.exceptions.SSLError: [Errno 0] _ssl.c:344: error:00000000:lib(0):func(0):reason(0)

or

requests.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)

The simple script used (on the python prompt) is :

import requests

res = requests.get('https://my-pre-prod-site.com/login')

**Things already tried **

I do NOT want to skip the ssl verification. Hence, verify = false is not an option for me.

I have already used the below with the same error

res = requests.get('https://my-pre-prod-site.com/login', verify = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'test.pem') where test.pem is a pem file created by concatenating the output of the below commands in that order :

openssl rsa -in ~/Desktop/CertPath/private.key -check

and

openssl x509 -pubkey -noout -in ~/Desktop/CertPath/certificate.pem

The script is run from ~/Desktop/CertPath so getcwd() gives the right path to the certificate.

I tried another test.pem file as well where the order of concatenation was reversed. It still throws the same error.

Have tried passing the .pem file holding the public key and the .key file holding the private key, separately (individually) as well, with the same error as the outcome.

Environment details if it helps

OS - ElCapitan Mac

Requests - 2.9.0

Python - 2.7.10

OpenSSL being used by Python - 'OpenSSL 0.9.8zg 14 July 2015'

Note - The openssl version does not seem to be an issue. Because even with an updated version of openssl, the errors are the same - tested on Ubuntu

with Python 2.6 that uses the Openssl 1.x

解决方案

This question is old but In case someone wonders off here.

You are putting the private key and public key in you test.pem. This is wrong. What verify param requires is certs which it can trust.

res = requests.get('https://my-pre-prod-site.com/login', verify = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'test.pem')

The test.pem is supposed to contain the list of all the Trusted Certificates. But what you're providing in your test.pem is your public and private key. You're ~/Desktop/CertPath/certificate.pem file itself should go into it.

Try this:

res = requests.get('https://my-pre-prod-site.com/login', verify = '~/Desktop/CertPath/certificate.pem')