python排序返回索引号_在已排序的python列表中，找到最接近目标值的值及其在列表中的索引...

I am trying to get both the closest value and its index in a sorted list in python.

In MATLAB this is possible with:

[closest_val,index] = min(abs(array - target))

I was wondering if there is a similar way this can be implemented in python.

I've seen posts which do one or the other, but I haven't seen both done together.

Link to finding closest value in list post.

解决方案

bisect wasn't used in the linked question because the list was not sorted. Here, we don't have the same problem, and we can use bisect for the speed it provides:

import bisect

def find_closest_index(a, x):

i = bisect.bisect_left(a, x)

if i >= len(a):

i = len(a) - 1

elif i and a[i] - x > x - a[i - 1]:

i = i - 1

return (i, a[i])

find_closest_index([1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11], 0) # => 0, 1

find_closest_index([1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11], 7) # => 3, 7

find_closest_index([1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11], 8) # => 3, 7

find_closest_index([1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11], 9) # => 4, 10

find_closest_index([1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11], 12) # => 5, 11

EDIT: In case of descending array:

def bisect_left_rev(a, x, lo=0, hi=None):

if lo < 0:

raise ValueError('lo must be non-negative')

if hi is None:

hi = len(a)

while lo < hi:

mid = (lo+hi)//2

if a[mid] > x: lo = mid+1

else: hi = mid

return lo

def find_closest_index_rev(a, x):

i = bisect_left_rev(a, x)

if i >= len(a):

i = len(a) - 1

elif i and a[i] - x < x - a[i - 1]:

i = i - 1

return (i, a[i])

find_closest_index_rev([11, 10, 7, 3, 2, 1], 0) # => 5, 1

find_closest_index_rev([11, 10, 7, 3, 2, 1], 7) # => 2, 7

find_closest_index_rev([11, 10, 7, 3, 2, 1], 8) # => 2, 7

find_closest_index_rev([11, 10, 7, 3, 2, 1], 9) # => 1, 10

find_closest_index_rev([11, 10, 7, 3, 2, 1], 12) # => 0, 11