linux cpu频率波动,Linux：使用性能调控器时,为什么CPU频率会发生波动？

我正在使用Debian 8 amd64机器进行基准测试.在实验过程中,我希望cpu以固定频率(最好是可能的最大频率)运行.这将排除cpu时钟速度作为结果变化的来源.

The cpufreq governor “performance” sets the cpu statically to the

highest frequency within the borders of scaling_min_freq and

scaling_max_freq.

遗憾的是,未提供有关scaling_min_freq和scaling_max_freq的更多详细信息.希望它无关紧要,因为使用的cpu频率是间隔的最大值.

所以我使用cpufreq-set启用了这个调控器：

$cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor

performance

performance

performance

performance

为了更好的衡量,我还在BIOS中禁用了turbo boost模式：

$cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo

1

基于以上对性能调控器的描述,我预计cpu时钟速度不会有波动.然而,如果我反复运行cpufreq-info,我会看到时钟速度波动：

$cpufreq-info | grep 'current cpu fr'

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 3.99 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

$cpufreq-info | grep 'current cpu fr'

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 3.96 GHz.

$cpufreq-info | grep 'current cpu fr'

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 3.94 GHz.

$cpufreq-info | grep 'current cpu fr'

current cpu frequency is 4.01 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 4.00 GHz.

current cpu frequency is 3.98 GHz.

这种波动是由于硬件,BIOS,内核还是其他因素造成的？有没有办法设置cpu频率,使其根本不会波动？