python怎么产生随机浮点数_python3生成随机数的几种常用方法

前言：python中生成随机数主要用到random模块，方法主要包括：randint、uniform、random、sample、choice等几种常用方法；

本篇教程就来说说这几种方法的使用方式，以及唯一流水号(时间戳)和验证码的实例展示

环境：Mac OS 10.14.6/Windows10、python3.7.3

1、在[a, b]之间产生随机整数(randint方法)

import random;  for i in range(2):    ret = random.randint(1000, 9999)    print("在[a, b]之间产生随机整数：random.randint(1000, 9999)=",ret)

2、[a, b]之间产生随机浮点数(uniform方法)

import random;  for i in range(2):    ret = random.uniform(1.0, 100.0)    print("在[a, b]之间产生随机浮点数：random.uniform(1.0, 100.0) = ",ret)

3、在[0.0, 1.0)之间产生随机浮点数(random方法)

import random;  for i in range(2):   ret = random.random()    print("在[0.0, 1.0)之间产生随机浮点数：random.random() = ",ret)

4、在样本samples中随机选择n个(sample方法)

import randomsamples = {"Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun" }for i in range(2):    ret = random.sample(samples, 2)    print("在样本samples中随机选择n个：random.sample(samples, 2) = ",ret)

5、在序列list1中随机选择1个(choice方法)

import randomlist1 = ("hello", "world", 'we', 'are', "learning", "python", 'very', 'good')for i in range(2):    ret = random.choice(list1)    print("在序列list1中随机选择1个：random.choice(list1) =",ret)

6、随机生成唯一流水号(时间戳)

import datetime;  import random;  for i in range (0,1):      nowTime=datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")    randomNum=random.randint(0,99)    if randomNum<=10:          randomNum=str(0)+str(randomNum)      uniqueNum=str(nowTime)+str(randomNum)    print ("时间戳：",uniqueNum)

7、随机生成验证码

import randomdef random_num():    code = ''    for i in range(4):        ran1 = random.randint(0,9)        ran2 = chr(random.randint(65,90))        add = random.choice([ran1,ran2])        code = ''.join([code,str(add)])    return coderand_n = random_num()print("验证码：",rand_n)