python开发cs软件_【CS】Python网页开发

目录Django VS Flask VS Tornado

Django

Flask

Tornado

1.Django VS Flask VS Tornado

对比项目:url配置

静态文件+模板的配置

报错页面的处理

Templates 中模板标签 (插值 /控制语句/Escape/加载静态/自定义模板库)

部署运行方式

2.Django

(1)代码

# url配置

path('', views.index)

path('dir/', views.xx)

re_path(r'article/(?P\d+)/$', views.article)

# Database

DATABASES = {

'default': {

'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',

'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),

},

# 'default': {

# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

# 'HOST': '127.0.0.1',

# 'PORT': 3306,

# 'NAME': 'djangodb',

# 'USER': '',

# 'PASSWORD': '',

# }

}

# 静态文件+模板

TEMPLATES = [

{

'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

'DIRS': ['Blog/templates'],

'APP_DIRS': True,

'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': [],},

},

]

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

if not DEBUG:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

else:

STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]

if not settings.DEBUG:

urlpatterns += [re_path(r'^static/(?P.*)$', static.serve, {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}),]

# Views中render

def xx(request):

if request.method == "GET":

return render(request, 'xx.html',{'abc': 11})

elif request.method == "POST":

return render(request, 'xx.html',{'abc': 22})

# 报错界面

直接在templates目录下放错误状态码对应的html文件，如404.html

# Templates 中模板标签

## 插值

{{ xx }}

## 控制语句

{% if %}{% else %}{% endif %}

{%for x in xx reversed %}{%endfor%}

## 加载静态

{% load static %}

{% static 'xx.png' %}

## 过滤器

{{ xx | upper }}

{{ xx | lower }}

{{ xx | capfirst }}

## 自定义模板库

{% extends "xx.html" %}

{% block yy %}{% endblock %}

(2)Admin后台

(3)缓存优化类型:memcached/数据库/文件系统/local-memory/dummy/custom

粒度:全网站/view/模板片段/low-level

优化性能评估:合适的粒度/cached_property/惰性机制/数据库优化(优化文档/持久连接)

(4)项目部署

先设置出错模板/设置缓存memcache/设置数据库mysql

部署方式:本机部署

Django+mod wsgi+Apache(适合小型网站)

Django+Gunicorn+nginx

(5)框架使用步骤

let '...\site-packages\django\bin' joined system path

above project path> django-admin startproject xxProject

above project path> cd xxproject

project path> django-admin startapp xxSite

create new folder: templates in xxSite

(6)本地运行

project path> python manage.py runserver

project path> python manage.py migrate

project path> python manage.py createsuperuser

project path> python manage.py runserver

3.Flask

(1)代码

# Database

dbinfo = {

'ENGINE': 'mysql',

'DRIVER': 'pymysql',

'DB_NAME': '',

'USER': '',

'PASSWORD': '',

'HOST': '127.0.0.1',

'PORT': 3306,

}

# 静态文件+模板

app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='static')

# Views中render + url配置

## 蓝图

blue = Blueprint('blue', __name__)

def init_blue(app):

app.register_blueprint(blue)

## url处理

@app.route('/abc/?key=value', methods=['GET', 'POST'])

或@app.route('/xxx/')

或@app.route('/path/')

def index():

if request.method == 'POST':

x = request.args.get('key', '')

return render_template('xx.html', x=x)

# 报错界面

@app.errorhandler(404)

def page_not_found(error):

# use template

# return render_template('page_not_found.html'), 404

# gain response and change

resp = make_response(render_template('error.html'), 404)

resp.headers['X-Something'] = 'A value'

return resp

# Templates 中模板标签

## 插值

{{x}}

{# xxx #}

{{x.val}} or {{x[val]}}

## 控制语句

{% if xx %} {% else %} {% endif %}

{% for x in xx %} {% endfor %}

{% for m in get_flashed_messages() %} {% endfor%}

## 加载静态

{{url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')}}

## Escape

{{var| filtername(*args)}}

## 过滤器

{{'%s is %d' | format('xx',7)}}

{{x | reverse | upper}}

## 自定义模板库

{% extends 'xx.html' %}

{% block title %}{% endblock %}

(2)本地运行

Method 1) path> set FLASK_APP=manage.py

path> flask run

Method 2) path> python -m flask run

Method 3) path>python -m flask run --host=0.0.0.0 (all users)

(3)部署运行

Gunicorn Common 1) gunicorn -w 4 -b 127.0.0.1:4000 myproject:app

Gunicorn Factory 2) gunicorn "myproject:create_app()"

uWSGI 1) uwsgi --http 127.0.0.1:5000 --module myproject:app

twistd 1) twistd -n web --port tcp:8080 --wsgi myproject.app

Gevent 1) python manage_gevent.py

4.Tornado

(1)代码

# url配置

(r'/', IndexHandler)

(r'.*', ErrorHandler)

# Database

self.conn = pymysql.Connection(host='', password='', database='', user='', port='')

self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()

# 静态文件+模板

template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'templates')

static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'static')

# Views中render

class MainHandler(web.RequestHandler):

# get/post/delete/patch/put

def get(self):

self.render('xx.html', items=items)

# receive values

# GET/POST: self.get_argument()/ self.get_arguments()

# GET: self.get_query_argument()/ self.get_query_arguments()

# POST: self.get_body_argument()/ self.get_body_arguments()

# 报错页面

class ErrorHandler(web.RequestHandler):

def get(self):

self.write_error(404)

def write_error(self, status_code, **kwargs):

if status_code == 404:

self.write('404')

# Templates 中模板标签

## 插值

{{items}}

{{items[0]}}

{# comments #}

{% set x=1 %}

## 控制语句

{%for x in xx %}{{ a }}{% continue %}{% break %}{%end%}

{% if a=='xx'%}{% elif a=='yy' %}{% else %}{% end %}

{% while xx %}{% end %}

{% try %}{% except %}{% finally %}{% end %}

{% module xx() %}

{% apply function %}{% end %}

## Escape

{% autoescape function %}

{% autoescape None %}

{% raw xx %}

## 加载静态

{{ static_url('xx.png')}}

## 自定义模板库

{% extends 'xx.html' %}

{% block title %}{% end %}

(2)运行

project path > python manage.py (default port:8000)