python 实例变量_python – 自动初始化实例变量？

你可以使用装饰器：

from functools import wraps

import inspect

def initializer(func):

"""

Automatically assigns the parameters.

>>> class process:

... @initializer

... def __init__(self, cmd, reachable=False, user='root'):

... pass

>>> p = process('halt', True)

>>> p.cmd, p.reachable, p.user

('halt', True, 'root')

"""

names, varargs, keywords, defaults = inspect.getargspec(func)

@wraps(func)

def wrapper(self, *args, **kargs):

for name, arg in list(zip(names[1:], args)) + list(kargs.items()):

setattr(self, name, arg)

for name, default in zip(reversed(names), reversed(defaults)):

if not hasattr(self, name):

setattr(self, name, default)

func(self, *args, **kargs)

return wrapper

用它来装饰__init__方法：

class process:

@initializer

def __init__(self, PID, PPID, cmd, FDs, reachable, user):

pass

输出：

>>> c = process(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

>>> c.PID

1

>>> dir(c)

['FDs', 'PID', 'PPID', '__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', 'cmd', 'reachable', 'user'