oracle increamental,Oracle 备份与恢复学习笔记（8）

第八章： Rman备份

1、rman备份分类：

1)归档：可以做一致性和非一致性备份

2)非归档：一致性备份

2、rman备份的分类：

1)backupset

-------一致性备份

RMAN> run {

2> shutdown immediate;

3> startup mount;

4> allocate channel c1 type disk;

5> allocate channel c2 type disk;

6> backup database format '/disk1/rman/prod/%d_%s.bak';

7> alter database open;

8> }

---------非一致性备份

RMAN> backup database format='/disk1/rman/prod/prod_%s.bak' filesperset 3;

RMAN> backup tablespace users format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_%s.bak' tag=userbak;

RMAN> backup datafile 2,3,5   format '/disk1/rman/prod/%d_%s.bak';

2)snapshot 镜像

RMAN> copy datafile 2 to '/disk1/rman/prod/users_%s.bak';

RMAN> backup as copy tablespace users format='/disk1/rman/prod/%d_users_%s.bak'；

[oracle@work ~]$ ls -lth /disk1/rman/prod

total 101M

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 101M Aug 18 06:12 users_15.bak

[oracle@work ~]$

-------生成的备份文件的大小和原datafile大小相同

3、增量备份：只备份发生变化的block(rman通过在备份时记录datablock的scn，下次备份时通过比较上次备份的数据块上的scn来确定数据块是否发生变化)

1)差异增量备份(Differential incremental backup)：下次备份时比较上次以来同级别或低级别的备份，为备份基础

-----0级备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_0_%s.bak' tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

16      Incr 0  464.00K    DISK        00:00:01     18-AUG-11

BP Key: 16   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20110818T064000

Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/users_0_19.bak

List of Datafiles in backup set 16

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

2    0  Incr 1319567    18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf

------2级备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 2 format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_2_%s.bak' tablespace users;

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

18      Incr 2  112.00K    DISK        00:00:01     18-AUG-11

BP Key: 18   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20110818T064135

Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/users_2_21.bak

List of Datafiles in backup set 18

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

2    2  Incr 1319644    18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf

------1级备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_1_%s.bak' tablespace users;

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

22      Incr 1  176.00K    DISK        00:00:01     18-AUG-11

BP Key: 22   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20110818T064323

Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/users_1_25.bak

List of Datafiles in backup set 22

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

2    1  Incr 1319760    18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf

2)累积增量备份的区别：只比较比自己级别低的作为备份基础

-------2级备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 2 cumulative format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_2cu_%s.bak' tablespace users;

-----1级备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative format '/disk1/rman/prod/users_1cu_%s.bak' tablespace users;

4、自动备份controlfile 和 spfile