python如何正则匹配浮点值_python使用正则搜索字符串或文件中的浮点数代码实例...

用python和numpy处理数据次数比较多,写了几个小函数,可以方便地读写数据:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

# filename:gettxtdata.py

#功能:读取字符串和文件中的数值数据(浮点数)

#主要提供类似matlab中的dlmread和dlmwrite函数

#同时提供loadtxtdata和savetxtdata函数

#data: 2013-1-10

#author:吴徐平

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

import numpy

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def stringtodoublearray(string):

"""

#将字符串中的所有非double类型的字符全部替换成空格

#以'#'开头注释直至行尾,都被清空

#返回一维numpy.array数组

"""

from stringio import stringio

import re

dataarray=numpy.empty([0],numpy.float64)

if len(string.strip())>0:

#清空注释行,都是以'#'开头子字符

doublestring=re.sub('#.*$', " ", string, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

#删除非数字字符

doublestring=re.sub('[^0-9.e+-]', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

#去掉不正确的数字格式(代码重复是有必要的)

doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

#去掉首尾空格

doublestring=doublestring.strip()

if len(doublestring)>0:

striods=stringio(doublestring)

dataarray= numpy.genfromtxt(striods)

return dataarray

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def getdoublelistfromstring(string):

"""

#使用换行符分割字符串

#将字符串中的所有非double类型的字符全部替换成空格

#以'#'开头注释直至行尾,都被清空

#将每一行转换成numpy.array数组

#返回numpy.array数组的列表

"""

from stringio import stringio

import re

doublelist=[]

stringlist=string.split('\n')#使用换行符分割字符串

for line in stringlist:

if len(line.strip())>0:

#清空注释行,都是以'#'开头子字符

doublestring=re.sub('#.*$', " ", line, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

#删除非数字字符

doublestring=re.sub('[^0-9.e+-]', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

#去掉不正确的数字格式(代码重复是有必要的)

doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.ignorecase)

#去掉首尾空格

doublestring=doublestring.strip()

if len(doublestring)>0:

striods=stringio(doublestring)

doublelist.append(numpy.genfromtxt(striods))

return doublelist

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def getdoublelistfromfile(filename):

"""

#将文本文件中的所有double类型的字符全部替换成numpy.array数组

#每一行都是numpy.array数组

##返回numpy.array数组的列表

#注意:返回列表的每个元素又都是一个numpy.array数组

#注意:返回列表的每个元素(或文件每行)可以包含不同多个数的数字

"""

file=open(filename, 'r')

read_file = file.read()

file.close()

doublelist=getdoublelistfromstring(read_file)

return doublelist

def dlmread(filename,dtype=numpy.float64):

"""

#load data from txt-file.

#分隔符默认是:";",",",空格类 (包括\t)等等

#以#开头的被认为是注释,不会被读取

#return value:二维数值数组(numpy.ndarray)

#对文本中数据的排列格式要求最低,且容许出现注释字符,智能化程度最高,但速度较慢

"""

doublelist=getdoublelistfromfile(filename)

dlsize=[]#每一行数组的大小

for dl in doublelist:

dlsize.append(dl.size)

mincolumnsize=min(dlsize)#数组的最大列数

maxcolumnsize=max(dlsize)#数组的最小列数

#数组创建和赋值

doublearray=numpy.empty([len(doublelist),mincolumnsize],dtype=dtype)

row=range(0,len(doublelist))

colum=range(0,mincolumnsize)

for i in row:

for j in colum:

doublearray[i][j]=doublelist[i][j]

return doublearray

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def loadtxtdata(filename,delimiter=""):

"""

#load data from txt-file with delimiter.

#分隔符默认是:";",",",空格类 (包括\t)和自定义的delimiter等

#return value: 二维数值数组(numpy.ndarray)

#对文本中数据的排列格式要求较高,且不容许出现注释字符,智能化程度较低,但速度较快

"""

from stringio import stringio

import re

file_handle=open(filename,'r')

linesall=file_handle.read()#读入字符串

file_handle.close()

delimiterall=delimiter+",;"#分隔符

spacestring=" "#空格

for rchar in delimiterall:

linesall=linesall.replace(rchar,spacestring)

return numpy.genfromtxt(stringio(linesall))

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def savetxtdata(filename, x, fmt='%.8e', delimiter=' ', newline='\n'):

"""

save data to txt-file.

"""

numpy.savetxt(filename, x, fmt=fmt, delimiter=delimiter, newline=newline)

return true

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

def dlmwrite(filename, x, fmt='%.8e', delimiter=' ', newline='\n'):

"""

save data to txt-file.

"""

numpy.savetxt(filename, x, fmt=fmt, delimiter=delimiter, newline=newline)

return true

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

#测试程序

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

if __name__ == '__main__':

#生成随机数

data=numpy.random.randn(3,4)

filename='d:/x.txt'

#写入文件

dlmwrite(filename,data)

x=getdoublelistfromfile(filename)

print(x)

print(dlmread(filename))

y=stringtodoublearray('79l890joj')

print(y)

z=loadtxtdata(filename)

print(z)

我只在python2.7中试过,如果要在python3.x中使用,可自行测试.

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