不是发生中断请求的条件_英语语法：虚拟语气在条件从句中的七种用法

虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

1) 条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果从句皆用直陈语气。如：

If I have enough money I will buy a computer. 

假若我有钱，我就买台电脑。

If they keep on stealing they will reap what they sow.

如果他们继续偷窃，必将自食其果。

If you haven't finished with that book you can keep it for one more day.

如果那本书你还没读完，你可以再看一天。

非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。现将用于非真实条件句中的虚拟时态列表如下：

2)表示在与现在事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)，主句谓语动词用should / would + 动词原形或could / might ＋ 动词原形。如：

I am sorry I am very busy now. If I had time，I would certainly come to see you.

很抱歉，我很忙。如果有时间，我一定去看你了。

If it weren't for their support，we would be in a difficult situation.

要不是有他们的支持，我们的处境会很困难。

If places were alike，there would be little need for geographers.

如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

If I were you，I would apply for the job.

如果我是你，我会申请那份工作的。

What would you do if you knew who broke the glass?

要是你知道谁打破了玻璃，你会怎么办？

Even if I had the money，I wouldn't buy it. 

即使我有钱也不会买它。

例题：

—He looks hot and dry.

—So_______ you if you had a temperature of 40°C. 

A. may 

B. would 

C. must 

D. should

【答案选B】在答语的句首中用了倒装句式。=You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40°C. 同时由had可知用的是虚拟。

3)表示与过去事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用had ＋ 过去分词，主句谓语动词用should / would have + 过去分词或could / might ＋ have ＋ 过去分词。如：

If I had taken your advice, I wouldn't have made such a mistake.

如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯这样的错误了。

If it had not been for your help, I wouldn't have finished the work so easily.

要不是你的帮助，我的工作不会这么容易完成。

If we had known the basic principles, we should have controlled the process even better. 

如果我们知道这些基本原理，我们早就能更好地控制这个工序了。

If facts had been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them. 

假使早一个星期收集事实，我们就有更多的时间研究它们了。

The conference wouldn't have been so successful if we hadn't made adequate preparation. 

如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。

例题：

Mr White           at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.

A. should have arrived 

B. should arrived

C. should have had arrived 

D. should be arriving

【答案选A】本题考查虚拟语气，全句意为：Mr White 8:30原本应该到会的，但他没露面。全句谈的是过去的事，故应使用should have done结构，表原本该做而没做某事。

4)表示与将来事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用动词过去式或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形，主句谓语动词用should / would ＋ 动词原形或could / might + 动词原形。如：

If it rained were to rain / should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.

如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。

I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail again. 

即使再次失败我也不会气馁。

If I were to do it, I would do it another way.

要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。

If Alan were to come tomorrow, I would speak to him about it.

假如明天艾伦来，我会跟他谈这个问题。

If I made a mistake, I should try to remedy it. 

假如我犯了错误，我就会设法补救。

If something should go wrong, the control rods would drop.

万一发生什么事故，控制杆就会下落。

注意：有不少情态助动词也可用于虚拟语气。如：

May you live a long and happy life. 

愿你长寿幸福。(may只用于表示愿望)

If there were no friction, an automobile could not move．

没有摩擦力，汽车就不能开动。

But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded．

要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。

If computers had not been invented, many problems on space flight could not have been solved. 

如果没有发明计算机的话，宇宙飞行的许多问题就不可能解决。

If you hadn't reminded me, I might have forgotten. 

要不是你提醒，我可能就忘了。

If he left at nine, he should arrive in time. 

如果他九点动身，就会按时赶到。

5)在错综时间虚拟条件句(即主句和从句所指的时间不一致)中动词的形式需要根据表示的时间来调整。如：

If you were in better health, we would have asked you to come.

如果你身体好一些，我们早就请你来了。

If we had consulted him on the question yesterday, we should know what to do now. 

假如昨天我们向他请教了这个问题，现在就知道该怎么办了。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.

假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。

If I were not busy, I would have come. 

假如我不忙，我就会去的。(were表过去)

If I were not busy, I would come. 

假如我不忙，我就会来的。(were表现在)

例题：

It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I         in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. 

A. wouldn't have fallen 

B. had not fallen

C. should fall 

D. were to fall

【答案选B】主句部分是would be doing today，而从句部分有时间状语at the age of seven，很明显是对过去情况的假设，所以谓语部分要用hadn't fallen。

6)如果条件从句的谓语中有were，had或 should 等词，可将if省略，而把这几个词放在句首，构成倒装，表示虚拟语气，其意义与带有if的条件从句相同。如：

Were you in my position, what would you do? 

假如你处在我的位置，你会怎么做？

Were he to leave today, Carl would get there by Friday.

如果卡尔今天动身，星期五前会赶到那儿。

Had some work been done, energy would have been applied.

如果做了一定量的功，就一定消耗了能量。

Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.

万一明天下雨，会议就会延期。

Should he come, Bill would be able to examine the trial run of the machine.

如果比尔来，他就能检验这台机器的试车情况了。

例题：

         fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be 

B. Should you be

C. Could you be 

D. Might you be

【答案选B】从主语时态可知，这是表将来事实的虚拟语气，从句部分相当于If you should be fired 把if省略，将should提前到句首。

7)非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体可分为两类：

• 条件暗含在短语中。如：

We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise, we would have telephoned him.

我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。(暗含条件是otherwise)

Without your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.

没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。

(暗含条件是介词短语without your help)

But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.

如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)

Without the atmosphere, life could not exist.

没有大气层，生命就不能存在。(暗含条件是without the atmosphere)

With facts collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them. 如果早一星期收集了事实，我们就有更多时间去研究它们了。(暗含条件是with facts collected one week earlier)

It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.

不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。(暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately)

It would be easier to do it this way.

这样做会比较容易。(暗含条件是to do it this way)

Alone, Ann would have been terrified.

如果单独一人，安会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)

We could have done better under more favorable conditions.

在更有利的条件下我们还可以做得更好些。(暗含条件是under more favorable conditions)

Given the opportunity, Donald might have become a famous singer.

如果给他提供机会的话，唐纳德很可能已经成为著名歌唱家了。

(暗含条件是given the opportunity)

例题：

He must have had an accident，or he         here for class then.

A. had to be 

B. should be 

C. would be 

D. would have been

【答案选D】考查含蓄虚拟条件句。该句省略了if条件句，从时间状语then判断，此题应为与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，即If he hadn't had an accident, he would have been here for class then.

• 条件暗含在上下文中。如：

I would not have done it that way. 

我是不会那么做的。(可能暗含if I were you)

I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.

我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。(可能暗含if I hadn't been busy)

You might come to join us in the discussion.

你可以参加我们的讨论。(可能暗含if you wanted to)

下期预告：虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法