python标识符是什么_如何检查一个字符串是否是一个有效的Python标识符？

Python 3

Python 3现在已经发布了'foo'.isidentifier()，就是说这似乎是最近Python版本的最佳解决方案：import keyword

def isidentifier(ident: str) -> bool:

"""Determines if string is valid Python identifier."""

if not isinstance(ident, str):

raise TypeError("expected str, but got {!r}".format(type(ident)))

if not ident.isidentifier():

return False

if keyword.iskeyword(ident):

return False

return True

Python 2

对于Python 2来说，检查给定字符串是否有效的最简单可能的方法是Python标识符让Python自己解析它。

首先是使用tokenize模块并检查令牌流以仅包含我们的名称：import keyword

import tokenize

def isidentifier(ident):

"""Determines if string is valid Python identifier."""

# Smoke test — if it's not string, then it's not identifier, but we don't

# want to just silence exception. It's better to fail fast.

if not isinstance(ident, str):

raise TypeError("expected str, but got {!r}".format(type(ident)))

# Quick test — if string is in keyword list, it's definitely not an ident.

if keyword.iskeyword(ident):

return False

readline = (lambda: (yield ident.encode('utf-8-sig')))().__next__

tokens = list(tokenize.tokenize(readline))

# You should get exactly 3 tokens

if len(tokens) != 3:

return False

# First one is ENCODING, it's always utf-8 because we explicitly passed in

# UTF-8 BOM with ident.

if tokens[0].type != tokenize.ENCODING:

return False

# Second is NAME, identifier.

if tokens[1].type != tokenize.NAME:

return False

# Name should span all the string, so there would be no whitespace.

if ident != tokens[1].string:

return False

# Third is ENDMARKER, ending stream

if tokens[2].type != tokenize.ENDMARKER:

return False

return True

然后是使用ast，并检查单个表达式的AST是否具有所需的形状：import ast

def isidentifier(ident):

"""Determines, if string is valid Python identifier."""

# Smoke test — if it's not string, then it's not identifier, but we don't

# want to just silence exception. It's better to fail fast.

if not isinstance(ident, str):

raise TypeError("expected str, but got {!r}".format(type(ident)))

# Resulting AST of simple identifier is >]>

try:

root = ast.parse(ident)

except SyntaxError:

return False

if not isinstance(root, ast.Module):

return False

if len(root.body) != 1:

return False

if not isinstance(root.body[0], ast.Expr):

return False

if not isinstance(root.body[0].value, ast.Name):

return False

if root.body[0].value.id != ident:

return False

return True

可以这样测试来检查它的工作原理：assert(isidentifier('foo'))

assert(isidentifier('foo1_23'))

assert(not isidentifier('pass')) # syntactically correct keyword

assert(not isidentifier('foo ')) # trailing whitespace

assert(not isidentifier(' foo')) # leading whitespace

assert(not isidentifier('1234')) # number

assert(not isidentifier('1234abc')) # number and letters

assert(not isidentifier('👻')) # Unicode not from allowed range

assert(not isidentifier('')) # empty string

assert(not isidentifier(' ')) # whitespace only

assert(not isidentifier('foo bar')) # several tokens

assert(not isidentifier('no-dashed-names-for-you')) # no such thing in Python

# Unicode identifiers are only allowed in Python 3:

assert(isidentifier('℘᧚')) # Unicode $Other_ID_Start and $Other_ID_Continue