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给大家整理了流传已久的50道sql面试经典题目，解题思路和SQL答案一并附上，难度循序渐进，考察点非常全面，自己刷完这些题目后基本可以应对大部分面试题目和工作场景。工作之余也可以拿出来练练手，对知识点查缺补漏。
题目背景：数据库中有四张表，全部题目以四张表为基础，字段如下：
学生表：student(学号,学生姓名,出生年月,性别)
课程表：course(课程号,课程名称,教师号)
成绩表：score(学号,课程号,成绩)
教师表：teacher(教师号,教师姓名)
复习下建表和插入数据的语句(可以自己在navicat中练习)：
学生表：Student
create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');课程表：Course
create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');教师表：Teacher
create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');成绩表：SC
create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);建好表后第一件事要先把几张表的关联关系理清楚，然后再来看题目。这是网友做的关系图：
题目：
1. 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
思路：关联每名学生的两门课程成绩，再选出01课程比02课程高的学生
select s.*, sc1.score, sc2.scorefrom Student sleft join (select SId, score from SC where CId = '01') sc1 on s.SId = sc1.SIdleft join (select SId, score from SC where CId = '02') sc2on s.SId = sc2.SIdwhere sc1.score > sc2.score2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
思路：在成绩表中分组计算平均分，再关联学生表
select s.*, r.Sname from (select SId, avg(score) as sfrom sc group by SIdhaving avg(scoare) >= 60) rleft join Student st on r.SId = st.SId3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
select distinct s.*from Student s, scwhere s.SId = sc.SId4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和
思路：涉及所有同学的所有课程，Student表 join SC表
select s.SId, s.Sname, count(SC.CId), sum(SC.score)from Student sjoin SC on s.SId= SC.SIdgroup by s.SId, s.Sname5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量
select count(*)from Teacher where Tname like '李%'6. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
思路：多表联合查询
select distinct s.*from Student s, Teacher t, SC, Course cwhere s.SId = SC.SId and SC.CId = c.CId and c.TId = t.Tid and T.Tname = '张三'order by s.SId7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
思路：统计学生课程数小于课程表里的课程数
select s.SId, s.Sname, count(SC.CId)from Student s inner join SC on s.SId= SC.SIdgroup by s.SId, s.Sname having count(SC.CId) select count(distinct CId) 8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
思路：找出01同学上过的课程，统计SC表中在这些课程中的SId
select s.*from Student s, SC where s.SId = SC.SId and SC.CId in (select CId from SC where SId = '01')and s.SId <> '01'9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息(较难)
思路：group_concat函数
select s.*from Student s where s.SId in (select sid from sc where sid<>'01' group by sidhaving group_concat(CId order by CId) = (select group_concat(CId order by CId) from SC where sid = '01'))10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
思路：三重嵌套，张三老师的课->上过课的学生->不在这个集合中的学生
select s.* from Student where s.SId not in (select SId from SC where SC.CId in (select c.CIdfrom Teacher t, Course c where t.TId = c.TId and t.Tname = '张三'))11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
思路：SC表中分组找到两门及以上不及格的学生，再关联他的平均成绩
select s.SId, s.Sname, avg(SC.Score)from Student s, SC where s.SId = SC.SId and SC.SId in (select SId from SC where score < 60 group by SId having Count(1) >= 2)group by s.SId, s.Sname12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息
select s.SId, s.Sname, SC.score from SC, Student swhere SC.SId = s.SId and SC.score 60 and SC.CId = order by SC.score desc13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
SELECT S.Sid, B.平均成绩, SUM(CASE WHEN Cid = '01' THEN Score ELSE NULL END) AS 成绩01, SUM(CASE WHEN Cid = '02' THEN Score ELSE NULL END) AS 成绩02, SUM(CASE WHEN Cid = '03' THEN Score ELSE NULL END) AS 成绩03 FROM SC INNER JOIN (SELECT Sid, AVG(score) AS 平均成绩 FROM SC GROUP BY Sid) AS B ON B.Sid = SC.Sid RIGHT OUTER JOIN Student AS S ON S.Sid = SC.Sid GROUP BY S.Sid, B.平均成绩 ORDER BY B.平均成绩 DESC NULLS LAST14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：
以如下形式显示：
课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率(及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90)
要求：输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列。
select sc.CId ,max(sc.score)as 最高分,min(sc.score)as 最低分,AVG(sc.score)as 平均分,count(*)as 选修人数,sum(case when sc.score>=60 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 及格率,sum(case when sc.score>=70 and sc.score<80 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 中等率,sum(case when sc.score>=80 and sc.score<90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优良率,sum(case when sc.score>=90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优秀率 from scGROUP BY sc.CIdORDER BY count(*)DESC, sc.CId ASC15. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺
SELECT Sid, Cid, Score, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY Score DESC) AS ranking FROM SC16. 查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时不保留名次空缺
SELECT Sid, SUM(Score), RANK () OVER (ORDER BY SUM(Score) DESC) AS ranking FROM SC GROUP BY Sid17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分比。
SELECT Cid, COUNT(*) AS 选课人数, SUM(CASE WHEN Score>= 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) * 100 / COUNT(*) AS 分数85_100比例, SUM(CASE WHEN Score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) * 100 / COUNT(*) AS 分数70_85比例, SUM(CASE WHEN Score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) * 100 / COUNT(*) AS 分数60_70比例, SUM(CASE WHEN Score BETWEEN 0 AND 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) * 100 / COUNT(*) AS 分数0_60比例 FROM SC GROUP BY Cid18. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录
SELECT *FROM( SELECT Sid, Cid, Score, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY Score DESC) AS ranking FROM SC GROUP BY Sid, Cid) AS A WHERE A.ranking IN (1, 2, 3);19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select cid, count(sid) from sc group by cid20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
select student.sid, student.sname from studentwhere student.sid in(select sc.sid from scgroup by sc.sidhaving count(sc.cid)=2)21. 查询男生、女生人数
select Ssex, count(*) from studentgroup by Ssex22. 查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息
select *from student where student.Sname like '%风%'23. 查询同名学生名单，并统计同名人数
select sname, count(*) from studentgroup by snamehaving count(*)>124. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
select *from studentwhere YEAR(student.Sage)=199025. 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
select sc.cid, course.cname, AVG(SC.SCORE) as average from sc, coursewhere sc.cid = course.cidgroup by sc.cid order by average desc,cid asc26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select student.sid, student.sname, AVG(sc.score) as aver from student, scwhere student.sid = sc.sidgroup by sc.sidhaving aver > 8527. 查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
select student.sname, sc.score from student, sc, coursewhere student.sid = sc.sidand course.cid = sc.cidand course.cname = "数学"and sc.score 6028. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况)
select student.sname, cid, score from studentleft join scon student.sid = sc.sid;29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
select student.sname, course.cname,sc.score from student,course,scwhere sc.score>70and student.sid = sc.sidand sc.cid = course.cid30. 查询存在不及格的课程
select cid from scwhere score< 60group by cid31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名
select student.sid,student.sname from student,scwhere cid= '01'and score>=80and student.sid = sc.sid32. 求每门课程的学生人数
select sc.CId,count(*) as 学生人数from scGROUP BY sc.CId33. 成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc where teacher.tid = course.tidand sc.sid = student.sidand sc.cid = course.cidand teacher.tname = "张三"order by score desclimit 134. 成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc where teacher.tid = course.tidand sc.sid = student.sidand sc.cid = course.cidand teacher.tname = '张三'and sc.score = (select Max(sc.score) from sc,student, teacher, coursewhere teacher.tid = course.tidand sc.sid = student.sidand sc.cid = course.cidand teacher.tname = '张三')35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
select a.cid, a.sid, a.score from sc as ainner join sc as bon a.sid = b.sidand a.cid != b.cidand a.score = b.scoregroup by cid, sid36. 查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
select a.sid,a.cid,a.score from sc as a left join sc as b on a.cid = b.cid and a.scoregroup by a.cid, a.sidhaving count(b.cid)<2order by a.cid37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
select sc.cid, count(sid) as cc from scgroup by cidhaving cc > 538. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select sid, count(cid) as cc from scgroup by sidhaving cc>=239. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
select student.*from sc ,student where sc.SId=student.SIdGROUP BY sc.SIdHAVING count(*) = (select DISTINCT count(*) from course )40. 查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来算
SELECT Sid, Sname, Sage,EXTRACT(YEAR FROM CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) - EXTRACT(YEAR FROM Sage) AS 年龄FROM Student41. 接上一题按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日，则年龄减一
select student.SId as 学生编号,student.Sname as 学生姓名,TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,student.Sage,CURDATE()) as 学生年龄from student42. 查询本周过生日的学生
select *from student where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE())43. 查询下周过生日的学生
select *from student where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE())+144. 查询本月过生日的学生
select *from student where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE())45. 查询下月过生日的学生
select *from student where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE())+146. 查询同时存在" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的情况
SELECT C1.sid, C3.sname, C3.sage, C3.ssex, C1.score AS score1, C2.score AS score2 FROM (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE Cid = '01') AS C1 INNER JOIN (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE Cid = '02') AS C2 ON C1.sid = C2.sid INNER JOIN Student AS C3 ON C1.sid = C3.sid WHERE C1.score <> C2.score OR C1.score = C2.score47. 查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 “课程的情况 (不存在时显示为null)
SELECT C1.sid, C3.sname, C3.sage, C3.ssex, C1.score AS score1, COALESCE(CAST(C2.score AS VARCHAR(4)), 'NULL') AS score2 FROM (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE Cid = '01') AS C1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE Cid = '02') AS C2 ON C1.sid = C2.sid INNER JOIN Student AS C3 ON C1.sid = C3.sid48. 查询不存在" 01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的情况
SELECT C2.sid, C3.sname, C3.sage, C3.ssex, C1.score AS score1, C2.score AS score2 FROM (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE Cid = '01') AS C1 RIGHT JOIN (SELECT * FROM SC WHERE Cid = '02') AS C2 ON C1.sid = C2.sid INNER JOIN Student AS C3 ON C2.sid = C3.sid WHERE C1.score IS NULL49. 查有成绩的学生信息
select * from studentwhere student.sid in (select sc.sid from sc)50. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时合并名次
SELECT Sid, Cid, Score, DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY Score DESC) AS dense_ranking FROM SC针对这50道经典题目，有B站up主专门制作了讲解视频，链接也一起附上：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1q4411G7Lw/?p=4
喜欢的同学记得点下【收藏】和【在看】哦！
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